Injection systems

ABSTRACT

An intraosseous injection device includes a tool having a distal portion, a proximal portion, and a solution dispensing opening. The distal portion has one or more cutting surfaces. The tool can be coupled with a protective carrier. The tool can be rotatably coupled to a tool actuation mechanism. A housing has a distal end and a proximal end. The housing releasably receives a solution cartridge containing a solution. A solution dispensing mechanism dispenses solution from the solution cartridge. A gripping member grips a proximal portion of the tool. A rotation device rotates the gripping member and thereby rotates the tool about an axis. The proximal portion of the tool connects directly to the solution cartridge such that solution from the cartridge can be delivered through the solution dispensing opening. The tool is configured to rotate relative to the solution cartridge.

PRIORITY INFORMATION

This application is based on and claims priority to U.S. ProvisionalPatent Applications No. 60/584,260 (filed Jul. 1, 2004), 60/584,321(filed Jul. 1, 2004), and 60/645,210 (filed Jan. 19, 2005), the entirecontents of each of which are hereby expressly incorporated by referenceherein and made a part of this specification.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This application relates to medical instruments generally, and inparticular relates to injection systems for intraosseous and or dentalinjection of medical solution.

2. Description of the Related Art

Intraosseous injection of anesthetic is a commonly used technique toprovide a small amount of anesthetic solution to a localized area, suchas the jawbone of a patient for a dental or endodontic procedure. Insome cases, anesthetic solution is delivered in the trabecular bonerather than delivering the anesthesia to the soft tissue of the patient.Using an intraosseous injection system can result in profound anesthesiain less than thirty seconds, while delivery of anesthetic solution tothe soft tissue can take more than seven minutes for the anesthetic totake effect.

Intraosseous injection requires the perforation of the cortical plate,which is very hard. Some intraosseous injection systems havedisadvantages in the perforation or injection process. Some systemsrequire the use of at least two tools, a perforator and a separateinjector needle, making the injection procedure complicated and timeconsuming. With some systems, it is difficult to find the initial holecreated by the perforator to inject the anesthetic. In some cases wherea guide sleeve is used, the guide sleeve can be difficult to remove.Some systems have a needle that serves both as a perforator and aninjector, however, these systems often become clogged with bone chipswhich can prevent the injection of the anesthetic solution.

Some endodontic techniques require tool rotation to penetrate the site.A needle, a perforator, a file, or another endodontic tool can beconnected to an intermediate component to engage a driving device. Insome systems, the tools tend to heat up during cortical platepenetration and can wear-out prematurely. Excessive heat generatedduring cortical plate penetration can cause the intermediate componentholding the needle or perforator to meltdown and in some cases detachfrom the needle or perforator. The detached needle or perforator canlead to further complications. In some cases, driving devices havingmotorized portions can break the tools by applying excessive torque tothe tool.

Some intraosseous injection systems require an intermediate piece totransfer anesthetic from an ampoule to the needle. Some intraosseousinjection systems have a static needle arrangement where it is difficultand/or time consuming to replace the needle and may increase the risk ofneedle-prick injuries. For example, some syringe connections havethreaded features that require turning a hub several times for attachingor removing a needle from the system.

Additionally, safety concerns generally call for capping the needle fortransport to or from the point of use. Some needle receptacles havecovering mechanisms, such as shields, that require the end user to pushthem down to cover the needle after the needle is used. However, in somesystems, the needle is not shielded at all times and the chances ofinjury still exist. For example, the end user is less protected afterthe cap or other covering mechanism is removed or withdrawn. Exposure ofthe needle increases the chances of pricking the patient and/or the enduser.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, there is a need in the art for improved systems and methodsfor delivery of anesthetic. In some embodiments, a single needle canperforate bone without over heating and/or clogging to allow for directdelivery of anesthetic solution. In some embodiments, a handpiecemechanism reduces the chances of dislodging the tool, avoids over torqueof the tool, permits direct insertion of the tool into the ampoule, andoffers quick connections between the tool and the handpiece to reducethe chances of injuries to the patient and end-user, reduce the lengthof procedures, and reduce overall cost. In some embodiments, the tool iscovered by a retractable sleeve to reduce the risk of injuries.

In one embodiment, an injection device comprises a tool having a distalportion, a proximal portion, and a solution dispensing opening. Ahousing has a distal end and a proximal end. The housing is configuredto releasably receive a solution cartridge containing a solution. Asolution dispensing mechanism is configured to dispense solution fromthe solution cartridge. A gripping member is positioned within thedistal end of the housing. The gripping member is configured to grip aproximal portion of the tool. A rotation device is configured to rotatethe gripping member and thereby rotate the tool about an axis. Thedevice is configured such that the proximal portion of the tool ispositioned at least partially within the solution cartridge while thetool is rotated.

In another embodiment, a method of dispensing a solution comprisesloading an ampoule of solution into a housing. A tool is placed in agripping mechanism of the housing until at least a portion of the toolenters the ampoule to place the tool in direct communication with aninterior portion of the ampoule. A distal end of the tool is placed intoa patient. The tool is rotated. Solution is delivered from the ampouleinto the patient through the tool.

In another embodiment, a method of dispensing a solution comprisesloading an ampoule of solution into a housing. A tool is placed in agripping mechanism of the housing until at least a portion of the toolenters the ampoule to place the tool in direct communication with aninterior portion of the ampoule. A distal end of the tool is placed intoa patient. The ampoule of solution is rotated. Solution is deliveredfrom the ampoule into the patient through the tool.

In another embodiment, an injection tool delivery system for anintraosseous inject device comprises a intraosseous drill bit having adistal portion, a proximal portion, and a solution dispensing opening. Aprotective carrier comprises a base portion and a cap portion. The baseportion includes a gripping member configured to grip the distal portiondrill bit. The cap portion comprises a first end configured to becoupled to the base portion and a cavity for receiving the proximalportion of the drill bit when the cap portion is coupled to the baseportion.

In another embodiment, an intraosseous injection tool delivery systemfor an intraosseous inject device comprises a intraosseous drill bithaving a distal portion, a proximal portion, and a solution dispensingopening. A protective carrier comprises a base, the base including agripping member configured to grip the distal portion drill bit.

In another embodiment, a medication injection device comprises a housingfor grasping by an operator, the housing having a distal end and aproximal end. A cartridge receiving mechanism is coupled to the housingand configured to releasably receive a solution cartridge containing asolution. The cartridge receiving mechanism is moveable between acartridge loading position and a solution dispensing position. Thecartridge receiving mechanism is positioned further from the housing inthe cartridge loading position as compared to the solution dispensingposition. A rotatable gripping mechanism is configured to grip a toolhaving a distal portion, a proximal portion, and a solution dispensingopening. A rotation mechanism is configured to rotate the grippingmechanism about an axis. A solution dispensing mechanism is configuredto reduce the volume of the solution cartridge positioned in thecartridge receiving mechanism.

In another embodiment, a medication injection device comprises a housingfor grasping by an operator, the housing having a distal end and aproximal end. A cartridge receiving mechanism is coupled to the housingand configured to releasably receive a solution cartridge containing asolution. The cartridge receiving mechanism is moveable between acartridge loading position and a solution dispensing position. Thecartridge receiving mechanism is positioned further from the housing inthe cartridge loading position as compared to the solution dispensingposition. A gripping mechanism is configured to grip a tool having adistal portion, a proximal portion, and a solution dispensing opening. Asolution dispensing mechanism is configured to reduce the volume of thesolution cartridge positioned in the cartridge receiving mechanism.

In another embodiment, an injection device comprises a tool having adistal portion, a proximal portion, and a solution dispensing opening. Ahousing has a distal end and a proximal end. The housing is configuredto releasably receive a solution cartridge containing a solution. Asolution dispensing mechanism is configured to dispense solution fromthe solution cartridge. A gripping member is positioned within thedistal end of the housing. The gripping member is configured to grip aproximal portion of the tool. A rotation device is configured to rotatethe gripping member and thereby rotate the tool about an axis. Anadjustable protective sleeve mechanism is configured to cover the distalportion of the tool.

In another embodiment, an injection system comprises a housing having adistal end and a proximal end. The housing is configured to releasablyreceive a solution cartridge containing a solution. A solutiondispensing mechanism is configured to dispense solution from thesolution cartridge. A gripping member is positioned within the distalend of the housing. The gripping member comprises a chucking mechanismconfigured to grip a proximal portion of an intraosseous injection tool.A rotation device is configured to rotate the gripping member andthereby rotate the tool about an axis.

In another embodiment, an injection device comprises a tool having adistal portion, a proximal portion, and a solution dispensing opening. Ahousing has a distal end and a proximal end. The housing comprises areceiving portion configured to releasably receive a solution cartridgecontaining a solution. A solution dispensing mechanism is configured todispense solution from the solution cartridge. A gripping member ispositioned within the distal end of the housing. The gripping member isconfigured to grip the proximal portion of the tool. A rotation deviceis configured to rotate the gripping member and thereby rotate the toolabout an axis. The device is configured such that the proximal portionof the tool is positioned at least partially within the solutioncartridge while the tool is rotated and the cartridge receiving sectionis configured to allow the solution cartridge to rotate as the tool isrotated.

In another embodiment, an injection device comprises a tool having adistal portion, a proximal portion, and a solution dispensing opening.The distal portion of the tool has one or more bevels. A housing has adistal end and a proximal end. The housing is configured to receive asolution cartridge containing a solution. A solution dispensingmechanism is configured to dispense solution from the solutioncartridge. A gripping member is positioned within the distal end of thehousing. The gripping member is configured to grip a proximal portion ofthe tool. The device is configured such that the proximal portion of thetool is positioned at least partially within the solution cartridgewhile the distal portion of the tool contacts the working site.

In another embodiment, a method of coupling a tool with a handpiececomprises providing a housing comprising a gripping mechanism and anampoule of solution. A tool is provided having a distal portion, aproximal portion, and a solution dispensing opening. The tool is coupledwith a protective carrier comprising a base portion and a cap portion.The base portion includes a gripping member configured to grip thedistal portion drill bit. The cap portion comprises a first endconfigured to be coupled to the base portion and a cavity for receivingthe proximal portion of the drill bit when the cap portion is coupled tothe base portion. The cap portion of the protective carrier is removedto expose a proximal portion of the tool. In some other embodiments, thecap portion is not included. In some other embodiments, an alignmentsleeve is included. The base portion of the protective carrier is heldby the user. The proximal portion of the tool is inserted through thegripping mechanism of the housing into the ampoule of solution. The toolis gripped with the gripping mechanism of the housing. The base portionof the protective carrier is removed to expose the tool.

In another embodiment, an injection system comprises an injectiondevice. The injection device comprises a housing having a distal end anda proximal end, the housing configured to releasably receive a solutioncartridge containing a solution. A solution dispensing mechanismconfigured to dispense solution from the solution cartridge. A grippingmember positioned within the distal end of the housing, the grippingmember configured to grip a proximal portion of the tool. A rotationdevice configured to rotate the gripping member and thereby rotate thetool about an axis. The device is configured such that the proximalportion of the tool is positioned at least partially within the solutioncartridge while the tool is rotated. The injection system comprises atool delivery system comprising a tool having a distal portion, aproximal portion, and a solution dispensing opening. A protectivecarrier comprises a base portion and a cap portion. The base portionincludes a gripping member configured to grip the distal portion drillbit. The cap portion comprises a first end configured to be coupled tothe base portion and a cavity for receiving the proximal portion of thedrill bit when the cap portion is coupled to the base portion.

In another embodiment, a method of using an intraosseous injectiondevice comprises removing an outer packaging, e.g., a cap portion, of aprotective carrier to expose a proximal portion of an intraosseous drillbit. The drill bit comprises a proximal portion and a distal portion.The distal portion is supported within a base portion of the protectivecarrier. The proximal portion of the drill bit is inserted into theintraosseous injection device while the distal portion of the drill bitremains within the base portion of the carrier. The intraosseousinjection device is used to inject a solution into a patient through thedrill bit. The distal end of the drill bit is inserted into the baseportion of the protective carrier while the proximal end of the drillbit remains in the intraosseous injection device. The proximal portionof the drill bit is removed from the intraosseous injection device.

In another embodiment, a method of using an intraosseous injectiondevice, comprises removing a protective carrier and alignment sleevefrom its outer packaging, the alignment sleeve at least partiallyhousing an intraosseous drill bit, the drill bit comprising a proximalportion and a distal portion, the distal portion being supported withina base portion of the protective carrier. The proximal portion of thedrill bit is inserted into the intraosseous injection device while thedistal portion of the drill bit remains within a base portion of thecarrier. The intraosseous injection device is used to inject a solutioninto a patient through the drill bit. The distal end of the drill bit isinserted into the base portion of the protective carrier while theproximal end of the drill bit remains in the intraosseous injectiondevice. The proximal portion of the drill bit is removed from theintraosseous injection device such that the alignment sleeve at leastpartially houses the intraosseous drill bit.

In one embodiment, an intraosseous injection device comprises a toolhaving a distal portion, a proximal portion, and a solution dispensingopening. The distal portion of the tool has one or more cuttingsurfaces. The tool is configured to be rotatably coupled to a toolactuation mechanism. A housing has a distal end and a proximal end. Thehousing is configured to releasably receive a solution cartridgecontaining a solution. A solution dispensing mechanism is configured todispense different types of solutions from the solution cartridge. Agripping member is configured to grip a proximal portion of the tool. Arotation device is configured to rotate the gripping member and therebyrotate the tool about an axis. The device is configured such that theproximal portion of the tool connects directly to the solution cartridgesuch that solution from the cartridge can be delivered through thesolution dispensing opening. The tool is configured to rotate relativeto the solution cartridge.

In another embodiment, a method of dispensing a solution comprisesloading an ampoule of solution into a housing. A tool is placed in agripping mechanism of the housing until the tool enters the ampoule toplace the tool in communication with an interior portion of the ampoule.A distal end of the tool is placed into a patient. Solution is forcedinto the patient.

In another embodiment, an intraosseous injection tool delivery systemcomprises a tool having a distal portion, a proximal portion, and asolution dispensing opening. The distal portion of the tool has one ormore bevels. The tool is configured to be rotatably coupled to a toolactuation mechanism. The tool is configured to be coupled to aprotective carrier. A protective carrier is configured to be coupled tothe distal portion of the tool for positioning the tool relative agripping member and solution cartridge of an intraosseous injectiondevice.

In another embodiment, an intraosseous injection device comprises a toolhaving a distal portion, a proximal portion, and a solution dispensingopening. The distal portion of the tool has one or more bevels. The toolis configured to be rotatably coupled to a tool actuation mechanism. Ahousing has a distal end and a proximal end. The housing has a cartridgereceiving mechanism configured to releasably receive a solutioncartridge containing a solution. The cartridge receiving mechanism isactuatable between a cartridge loading configuration and a solutiondispensing configuration. A solution dispensing mechanism is configuredto dispense solution from the solution cartridge through the tool whenthe cartridge receiving mechanism is in the solution dispensingconfiguration.

In another embodiment, an intraosseous injection device comprises a toolhaving a distal portion, a proximal portion, and a solution dispensingopening. The distal portion of the tool has one or more bevels. The toolis configured to be rotatably coupled to a tool actuation mechanism torotate relative a solution cartridge. A housing couples the solutioncartridge, a solution dispensing mechanism, a gripping member configuredto grip a proximal portion of the tool, and a rotation device configuredto rotate the gripping member and thereby rotate the tool about an axis.An adjustable protective sleeve mechanism at least partially covers thetool.

In another embodiment, an intraosseous injection system comprises a toolhaving a distal portion, a proximal portion, and a solution dispensingopening. The distal portion of the tool has one or more bevels. The toolis configured to be rotatably coupled to a tool actuation mechanism. Thetool is configured to be coupled to a protective carrier. A protectivecarrier is configured to be coupled to the distal portion of the toolfor positioning the tool relative a gripping member and solutioncartridge of an intraosseous injection device. A handpiece comprises ahousing having a cartridge receiving mechanism configured to releasablyreceive a solution cartridge containing a solution, a solutiondispensing mechanism, a gripping member configured to grip a proximalportion of the tool, and a rotation device configured to rotate thegripping member and thereby rotate the tool about axis. The system isconfigured such that the proximal portion of the tool is connectabledirectly to the solution cartridge such that solution from the cartridgecan be delivered through the solution dispensing opening. The tool isconfigured to rotate relative to the solution cartridge.

In another embodiment, an intraosseous injection device comprises a toolhaving a distal portion, a proximal portion, and a solution dispensingopening. The distal portion of the tool has one or more bevels. The toolis configured to be rotatably coupled to a tool actuation mechanism torotate the tool, which can include a needle, about a first axis. Ahousing couples a solution cartridge, a solution dispensing mechanism, agripping member configured to grip a proximal portion of the tool, and arotation device. The rotation device is configured to rotate thegripping member and thereby rotate the tool about a first axis androtate the solution cartridge about a second axis, the second axis beingat an angle with respect to the first axis.

In another embodiment, an intraosseous injection device comprises ahandpiece having a tool actuation mechanism and a solution dispensingmechanism. The solution dispensing mechanism comprises a solutioncartridge. A tool has a distal portion, a proximal portion, and asolution dispensing opening. The distal portion of the tool has one ormore bevels. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the distal portionof the tool has one or more cutting surfaces. The tool is configured tobe rotatably coupled to the tool actuation mechanism. The proximalportion of the tool is configured to be coupled directly to the solutioncartridge such that solution from the cartridge can be delivered throughthe solution dispensing opening. The tool is configured to rotaterelative to the solution cartridge.

In one variation of the embodiment, the distal portion of the toolcomprises a first right-handed cutting edge and a second left-handedcutting edge. In another variation, the distal portion of the toolcomprises a steeped secondary angle. In another variation, the distalportion of the tool comprises a fluted outer surface. In anothervariation, the tool comprises one of a needle, a file, a drill bit, anda burr. In another variation, the tool is configured to be coupled to acarrier to facilitate coupling the tool to the handpiece. In anothervariation, the tool actuation mechanism is configured to oscillate thetool. In another variation, the tool actuation mechanism comprises oneor more of a collet, a chucking a quick connection mechanism, a motor, agear, a shaft, a spring, and a bearing. In another variation the tool isgripped by a collet or chucking mechanism that is configured not to havea rotating or oscillating motion. In another variation, the handpiece isconfigured for cordless operation. In another variation, the handpieceadditionally comprises a sleeve mechanism. In another variation, thesolution dispensing mechanism additionally comprises a cartridgereceiving mechanism that is actuatable between a tilted cartridgeloading configuration and a solution dispensing configuration. Inanother variation, the solution dispensing mechanism is configured to bemanually controlled. In another variation, the solution dispensingmechanism additionally comprises one or more of a lever, rod, spring,gear, rack, and motor. In another variation, the solution dispensingmechanism controls the rate of delivery of solution.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Further objects, features and advantages of the invention will becomeapparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunctionwith the accompanying figures showing illustrative embodiments of theinvention, in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of an injection systemhaving a handpiece and a tool.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a front portion of the handpiece of thesystem of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a perspective partial sectional view of a tool and toolcarrier assembly of the system of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3A is an enlarged perspective partial sectional view of a tool andtool carrier of FIG. 3.

FIG. 3B is an exploded view of the tool and tool carrier assembly ofFIG. 3.

FIG. 3C is a perspective view of another embodiment of a tool carrierassembly and alignment sleeve.

FIG. 3D is a perspective view of the tool carrier assembly and alignmentsleeve of FIG. 3C, with a tool.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the tool showing a hub assembly of thesystem of FIG. 1.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the tool and tool carrier assembly ofFIG. 3 and a cap, illustrating a portion of a technique for using thesystem of FIG. 1.

FIGS. 5A-5Q are schematic views illustrating procedures for loading andunloading a tool on a handpiece.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the tool and tool carrier assembly of FIG.3 loading the tool into the handpiece of the system of FIG. 1, with acollet mechanism of the system open to receive the tool.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view of the tool and tool carrier assembly of FIG.3 loading the tool into the handpiece of the system of FIG. 1, with thecollet mechanism of the system closed to grasp the tool.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view of the tool and tool carrier assembly of FIG.3 loading the tool into the handpiece of the system of FIG. 1, with thecollet mechanism of the system closed to grasp the tool, and the toolcarrier assembly partially withdrawn such that a sleeve of the system atleast partially covers the tool.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view of a portion of the handpiece of FIG. 1, withthe tool held in the handpiece by handpiece components.

FIG. 10 is an enlarged sectional view of a portion of the system of FIG.1, illustrating handpiece components holding the tool.

FIG. 11 is an enlarged perspective view of a portion of the system ofFIG. 1, illustrating a sleeve of the system.

FIG. 12 is an exploded perspective view of the system of FIG. 1, showinga cartridge and a cartridge receiving portion of the handpiece.

FIG. 13 is a perspective sectional view of a dispensing mechanism of thesystem of FIG. 1.

FIG. 14 is an enlarged perspective sectional view of the dispensingmechanism of FIG. 13.

FIG. 15 is a schematic sectional view of a portion of the system of FIG.1, showing a motor and gear system.

FIG. 16 is a schematic perspective view of the motor and gear system ofFIG. 15.

FIG. 17 is a schematic perspective sectional view of the gear system ofFIG. 15.

FIG. 18 is a schematic sectional view of another embodiment of aninjection system having a handpiece, a tool, a tool actuating mechanism,a protective sleeve, and a dispensing mechanism.

FIG. 19 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the tool of FIG. 18,having dual cutting surfaces, a bore, and an angled shaft.

FIG. 20 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a tool for aninjection system, having flutes.

FIG. 21 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a tool for aninjection system, having a notch.

FIG. 22 is a perspective view of a pointed tip of the tool of FIG. 21.

FIG. 23 is a side view of the pointed tip of the tool of FIG. 21.

FIG. 24 is a side view of another embodiment of a tool for an injectionsystem, having a rounded tip.

FIG. 25 is a perspective view of the tool of FIG. 24.

FIG. 26 is another side view of the tool of FIG. 24, showing a notchedportion.

FIG. 27 is another perspective view of the tool of FIG. 24, showing aradial relief portion.

FIG. 27A is a perspective view of another embodiment of a tool.

FIG. 28 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a tool for aninjection system, having flutes, a hub, and a proximalcartridge-insertion portion.

FIG. 29 is an enlarged perspective view of the tool of FIG. 28.

FIG. 30 is a perspective, partial sectional view of another embodimentof a tool for an injection system, having flutes, a hollow shankportion, and a proximal connection portion.

FIG. 31 is an enlarged perspective, partial sectional view of the toolof FIG. 30.

FIG. 32 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a tool and toolcarrier combination for an injection system.

FIG. 33 is a perspective view of the tool and tool carrier combinationof FIG. 32, showing a hub of the tool coupled with the tool carrier.

FIG. 34 is an exploded perspective view of one embodiment of a toolconnection and actuation system for an injection system handpiece.

FIG. 35 is an enlarged perspective, partial sectional view of the toolconnection and actuation system of FIG. 34.

FIG. 36 is an enlarged perspective, partial sectional view of the tooland tool carrier combination of FIG. 32 cooperating with the toolconnection and actuation system of FIG. 34 for insertion of the toolinto the handpiece.

FIG. 37 is an enlarged perspective, partial sectional view of the tooland handpiece of FIG. 36, showing the tool being inserted into a slot ofthe handpiece.

FIG. 38 is a an enlarged perspective, partial sectional view of the tooland handpiece of FIG. 36, showing the tool being retained in the slot ofthe handpiece as the carrier is withdrawn.

FIG. 39 is an exploded perspective view of another embodiment of a toolconnection and actuation system for an injection system handpiece.

FIG. 40 is an exploded perspective view of another embodiment of a toolconnection and actuation system for an injection system handpiece.

FIG. 41 is a perspective view of a collet mechanism of the toolconnection and actuation system of FIG. 40.

FIG. 42 is sectional view of the assembled tool connection and actuationsystem of FIG. 39.

FIG. 43 is a sectional view of a portion of another embodiment of a toolconnection and actuation system for an injection system handpiece.

FIG. 44 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a tool and a toolcarrier assembly with a cap.

FIG. 45 is a perspective view of the tool and tool carrier assembly ofFIG. 44.

FIG. 46 is a sectional view of another embodiment of a tool and a toolcarrier assembly, showing a tool with a hub.

FIG. 47 is an enlarged view of the tool and hub of FIG. 46.

FIG. 48 is a perspective, partial sectional view of another embodimentof a tool and a tool carrier assembly and a tool connection andactuation system for an injection system.

FIG. 49 is an enlarged perspective, partial sectional view of the tooland a portion of a handpiece of the injection system FIG. 48.

FIG. 50 is a perspective view of the assembled tool and handpieceportion of the injection system of FIG. 49.

FIG. 51 is a sectional view of the injection system of FIG. 50.

FIG. 51A is a schematic view of another embodiment of an injectionsystem having a static gripping mechanism.

FIG. 51B is an enlarged schematic view of a portion of the injectionsystem of FIG. 51A.

FIG. 52 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a tool, a toolconnection and actuation system, and a sleeve for an injection system.

FIG. 53 is an exploded perspective view of another embodiment of a tool,and a sleeve mechanism for an injection system.

FIG. 54 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a sleevemechanism on a handpiece for an injection system.

FIG. 55 is a sectional view of the sleeve mechanism of FIG. 54.

FIG. 56 is a sectional view of the sleeve mechanism of FIG. 53.

FIG. 57 is an enlarged perspective view of a portion of the sleevemechanism of FIG. 54, shown in an unlocked position.

FIG. 58 is an enlarged perspective view of a portion of the sleevemechanism of FIG. 54, shown in a locked position.

FIG. 59 is a perspective view of a portion of the sleeve mechanism ofFIG. 53.

FIG. 60 is an exploded perspective view of another embodiment of aportion of a sleeve mechanism for an injection system.

FIG. 61 is a sectional view of a protective sleeve housing of the sleevemechanism of FIG. 53.

FIG. 62 is a perspective view of a needle hub driver of the injectionsystem of FIG. 53.

FIG. 63 is a perspective view of an extension member of the injectionsystem of FIG. 53.

FIG. 63A is a perspective view of an injection system handpiece having amain body portion and a detatchable front end portion.

FIG. 64 is an exploded perspective view of another embodiment of aninjection system, having a handpiece, a tool, a tool actuatingmechanism, a protective sleeve, and a dispensing mechanism with acartridge and a manipulatable cartridge receiving portion of thehandpiece.

FIG. 64A is an exploded perspective view of another embodiment of aninjection system, having a handpiece, a tool, a tool actuatingmechanism, a protective sleeve, and a dispensing mechanism with acartridge and a manipulatable cartridge receiving portion of thehandpiece.

FIG. 65 is a sectional view of part of the injection system of FIG. 65,showing the dispensing mechanism with the tool coupled directly to thecartridge.

FIG. 66 is a schematic partial sectional view of another embodiment of acartridge for and injection system, having an angled portion.

FIG. 67 is a perspective sectional view of one embodiment of aninjection system, having a handpiece, a tool, a housing for a toolactuating mechanism, and a dispensing mechanism with a cartridge, aplunger and a push rod.

FIG. 68 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a portion of adispensing mechanism for an injection system, having a spring, a gear,and a rack.

FIG. 69 is a perspective partial sectional view of another embodiment ofa dispensing mechanism for an injection system, having a gear rack andlever assembly.

FIG. 69A is a perspective view of the dispensing mechanism of FIG. 69having a cover.

FIG. 70 is a perspective view of another embodiment of an injectionsystem, having a roller bearing mechanism.

FIG. 71 is an exploded view of the roller bearing mechanism of theinjection system of FIG. 70.

FIG. 72 is a sectional view of the injection system of FIG. 70.

FIG. 73 is a perspective view of the injection system of FIG. 70.

FIG. 74 is a view of the roller bearing mechanism of the injectionsystem of FIG. 70.

FIG. 75 is a perspective view of a gear motor mechanism of anotherembodiment of an injection system.

FIG. 76 is a sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 75.

FIG. 77 is a perspective view of another embodiment of an injectionsystem having a rotating push rod mechanism.

FIG. 78 is a sectional view of another embodiment of an injection systemhaving a push rod mechanism with a rotating tip.

FIG. 79 is a perspective view of the push rod mechanism of FIG. 78.

FIG. 80 is a sectional view of the tool and carrier assembly similar tothe view of FIG. 7 that shows the collet mechanism of the system closedto grasp a portion of the tool not covered by the hub.

Throughout the figures, the same reference numerals and characters,unless otherwise stated, are used to denote like features, elements,components or portions of the illustrated embodiments. Moreover, whilethe subject matter of this application will now be described in detailwith reference to the figures, it is done so in connection with theillustrative embodiments. It is intended that changes and modificationscan be made to the described embodiments without departing from the truescope and spirit of the subject invention as defined by the appendedclaims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

As should be understood in view of the following detailed description,this application is primarily directed to, though not necessarilylimited to, a handpiece for medical applications, such as, for example,an intraosseous injection system.

FIGS. 1-17 illustrate one embodiment of an intraosseous injection system100. FIG. 1 is a side perspective view of the intraosseous injectionsystem 100. The system 100 comprises a handpiece 102 having a toolactuation mechanism 103 and a solution dispensing mechanism 105. A tool104 (see FIG. 3) is configured to be rotatably coupled to the toolactuation mechanism 103. The actuation mechanism 103 is preferablycoupled to a distal portion of the handpiece 102. As will be explainedin detail below, the tool actuation mechanism 103 is configured to holdthe tool 104, which can be any of a variety of medical instruments, suchas, for example, a needle, a file, a dispensing tip, a drill, and/or aburr.

As shown in FIG. 1, the solution dispensing mechanism 105 preferablycomprises a solution cartridge 106. The ampoule or cartridge 106 of asolution can be coupled with the handpiece 102. The handpiece 102 isconfigured to receive a cartridge or ampoule 106 of a solution. Thesolution can comprise, for example, an anesthetic, antibiotics, or anyother fluid or semi-fluid material. As will be explained below, the tool104 preferably has a distal portion, a proximal portion, and a solutiondispensing opening. The distal portion of the tool 104 preferably hasone or more bevels. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the distalportion of the tool 104 preferably has one or more cutting surfaces. Thetool 104 can be a hollow structure, as will be discussed further below.The proximal portion of the tool 104 is configured to be coupleddirectly to the solution cartridge 106 such that solution from thecartridge 106 can be delivered through the solution dispensing opening.In some embodiments, the tool 104 is configured to rotate relative tothe solution cartridge 106. In other embodiments, the tool 104 andsolution cartridge 106 may rotate together or at different rates. Inother embodiments, the handpiece is configured to received a tool 104without rotation or oscillation.

As will be explained below, the system 100 is configured such that thetool 104 may be used to penetrate tissue at an injection site anddeliver solution from the cartridge 106 to the injection site. Thehandpiece 102, in turn, is configured to control the rate of delivery ofthe solution precisely and safely from the cartridge 106 and through thetool 104 to the patient. In one embodiment, the system is configured torotate, vibrate and/or oscillate the tool 104 relative to the cartridge106. For example, the tool 104 may rotate and/or oscillate to perforatetissue while the cartridge 106 is held generally stationary within thehandpiece 102. In other particularly preferred embodiments, the tool 104may rotate and/or oscillate to perforate tissue while the cartridge 106generally rotates and/or oscillates continuously or intermittentlywithin the handpiece 102.

In one embodiment, the tool 104 punctures the ampoule 106 to place thetool 104 in fluid communication with the cartridge 106. In otherembodiments, the tool 104 is directly or indirectly coupled to thecartridge 106 to place the cartridge 106 in fluid communication with thetool. One advantage of using the tool 104 to puncture the cartridge 106includes minimizing the number of fluid delivery components between thecartridge 106 and the delivery site. Minimizing components preferablyavoids leakage at joints and simplifies the manufacturing and assemblyprocess. Additionally, another advantage of minimizing componentsbetween the cartridge 106 and the delivery site is that fewer componentsallow the overall drive train to become smaller. A smaller design isadvantageous for positioning the injection system within a patient'smouth. A smaller design is also advantageous for use with youngerpatients that may have difficulty opening wide enough for a largerinjection system.

With reference now to FIG. 2, the tool actuation mechanism 103 of theillustrated embodiment will now be described. The tool actuationmechanism 103 is preferably configured such that the tool 104 may bequickly coupled to the handpiece 102 and quickly removed from thehandpiece 102. As shown in FIG. 2, the handpiece 102 comprises a housing120. A housing retainer 122 preferably is coupled with the housing 120to hold a collet housing 126 within the housing 120.

As shown in FIG. 2, the tool actuation mechanism 103 comprises a quickconnect mechanism such as a collet 124 that is moveably position in acollet housing 126. In the illustrated embodiment, the collet 124comprises a plurality of radially expandable or collapsible lever arms,which are separated by one or more gaps. However, it should beappreciated that although a specific collet mechanism is shown anddescribed, other types of collets or chucking mechanisms can besuccessfully used in other embodiments. A collet spring 130 ispositioned abut the collet 124 through a collet retainer 128 proximallywithin the collet housing 126. A button 132 is coupled with a proximalportion of the collet 124 at a button retainer 134 portion. The button132 is also coupled with the collet retainer 128 that is, in turn,coupled to the collet 124. The button 132 and collet retainer 128 areconfigured to move the collet 124 distally within the collet housing 126against a biasing member, such as the biasing force of the collet spring130. As the collet 124 moves distally, a distal portion of the collet124 moves relative to a locking bushing 140. The locking bushing can beeliminated in some embodiments, and a locking feature can be part of thecollet housing 124. As the distal end of the collet 124 moves past thelocking bushing 140, the collet 124 expands such that the collet 124 canreceive the tool 104 when the distal portion of the collet 124 is distalof the locking bushing 140. When the button 132 is released, the colletspring 130 applies a proximal force to the collet 124 causing the collet124 to compress around the tool 104 as the distal end of the collet 124is compressed by the locking bushing 140. The collet spring 130 thusacts as a biasing member to bias the collet 124. Alternatively, thecollet retainer can be used to expand the collet to receive a toolwithout the use of the spring. In this manner, the collet 124 isconfigured to hold the tool 104 when the distal portion of the collet124 is positioned within the locking bushing 140, as described furtherbelow in connection with FIGS. 9-10.

FIG. 2 shows the collet housing 126 held within the housing 120 by thehousing retainer 122 and one or more bearings 138. The collet housing126 preferably is rotatable or oscillatable within the housing 120. Inthis manner, rotation or oscillation of the collet housing 126 rotatesor oscillates the collet 124. The collet housing 126 has a mating gear144 configured to be coupled to a gear shaft 142 of the tool actuationmechanism 103. The gear shaft 142 preferably is coupled to a motor,e.g., an air or electric motor, as will be described in more detailbelow with reference to FIGS. 15-17.

In the illustrated embodiment, when the tool 104 is held within thecollet 124, the tool 104 punctures the ampoule 106 to place the tool 104in fluid communication with the ampoule 106. One advantage of using thetool 104 to puncture the cartridge 106 includes minimizing the number offluid delivery components between the cartridge 106 and the deliverysite. Minimizing components preferably avoids leakage at joints andsimplifies the manufacturing and assembly process. Additionally, anotheradvantage of minimizing components between the cartridge 106 and thedelivery site is that fewer components allow the overall drive train tobecome smaller. When the collet 124 moves distally to open the colletmechanism, the tool 104 may be withdrawn from the cartridge 106 forremoval of the tool 104.

As shown in FIG. 2, in the illustrated embodiment, the handpiece alsocomprises a sleeve 108, which is positioned distally of the collet 124.The sleeve 108 preferably covers at least partially the tool 104 when itis positioned within the collet 124. In one embodiment, topicalanesthetic can be applied to the sleeve 108 such that it can be used totransfer topical anesthetic to the injection site. The sleeve 108 canalso induce pressure at the topical site and/or be used to control thedepth of insertion of the tool 104. A sleeve spring 136 can keep thesleeve 108 automatically down when topical contact is removed. Thesleeve 108 can also be used to cool down the tissue to reduce pain, byapplying a cooling agent to the sleeve 108 directly by way of ethylchloride or a freon. The sleeve 108 has a thermally conductive materialor coating to be able to hold the cold during function. The sleevemechanisms are described in greater detail below in connection withFIGS. 9-11.

FIGS. 3-8 illustrate one embodiment of an aligning sleeve 150 andcarrier 152 for inserting the tool 104, e.g., a needle, into the toolactuation mechanism 103 of the handpiece 102. As explained below, thetool 104 can be coupled with the carrier 152 to facilitate coupling andremoving the tool 104 from the handpiece 102. The carrier 152 isconfigured to grasp or hold the tool 104 so that the tool 104 can besafely positioned within the handpiece 102. The carrier 152 can be madeof any suitable material. In one embodiment, the carrier 152 is made ofplastic. The carrier 152 preferably holds the bared needle 104 usinggripping elements 152 a (e.g., resilient prongs, lever arms, O-rings andthe like). The needle 104 can be slip fit between the gripping elements152 a. In another embodiment, the carrier holds a needle and a hubassembly by encapsulating flexing elements of the hub inside a cavity.After the needle is positioned within the handpiece 102 and theprocedure is completed, the flexing elements can be reinserted back inthe carrier 152 to facilitate the removal of the needle/hub assemblyfrom the collet mechanism.

Flexing elements can also be incorporated on the carrier as shown inFIG. 3A. The flexing elements preferably engage a groove on the hub orthe tool and allow for insertion or removal of the tool from the colletor chucking mechanism. Alternatively, the tool can be coupled with thecarrier using a thread feature, which requires the end user to open thegripping mechanism, load the tool using the carrier, close themechanism, and then unthread the carrier from the tool. The needle canbe coupled or connected to the hub using current manufacturing methods,such as molding, insert molding, welding, interlocking, sealing, orlight-cure adhesive technologies. In another embodiment, the alignmentsleeve 150 and carrier 152 can be made as a one piece as shown in FIGS.3C and 3D. A one-piece design may reduce the cost of manufacturing. Insome embodiments, the carrier does not include a cap portion. In someembodiments, the tool can be packaged with a carrier inside a pouch ifdesired to reduce cost. As shown in FIGS. 3C and 3D, the alignmentsleeve can be part of the carrier in some embodiments. The alignmentsleeve 150 can have two or more flexing arms in some embodiments. Asshown in FIG. 3D, as the carrier 152 and alignment sleeve 150 are pushedagainst the face of the handpiece, the flexing elements can flexoutwardly and the carrier portion can position the tool 104 within thegripping mechanism of the handpiece.

As shown in FIGS. 3-8, the aligning sleeve 150 preferably is configuredto be aligned with a distal portion of the handpiece 102. In oneembodiment, the aligning sleeve 150 can be positioned within a distalportion of the handpiece 102. In another embodiment, the aligning sleeve150 can be positioned about a distal portion of the handpiece 102. Thealigning sleeve 150 preferably cooperates with the handpiece 102 suchthat the tool 104 is aligned with the collet mechanism for insertioninto the handpiece 102. The alignment sleeve is configured so it has aretaining or frictional feature that engages the distal portion of thehandpiece so when the carrier/alignment sleeve assembly is removed thealignment sleeve moves back to its original position to cover the needleduring unloading procedures. This unique feature automatically coversthe proximal portion of the tool to protect the end user and eliminatethe need to recap, as described further below with reference to FIGS.5A-5Q.

As shown in FIG. 4, in the illustrated embodiment, the tool 104 includesa hub 154 having a collapsible outer diameter for gripping the tool 104.In another embodiment the hub 154 does not have a collapsible outerdiameter to assist in its removal from the gripping mechanism. In otherembodiments, the tool 104 does not have a hub. The hub 154 can be madeout of any suitable material, e.g., plastic or metal. The hub 154 can becoupled with the needle 104 in any suitable manner. In one embodiment, ametal hub 154 is press-fitted onto the outside diameter of the needle104. The hub 154 can also be laser welded to the needle 104 in someembodiments. The plastic hub can be insert molded, adhesive bonded,and/or welded to the needle. In some cases, the hub 154 can be formedintegrally with the tool 104. In some embodiments, the needle 104 has anamorphous diamond coating 109 to reduce friction and minimize insertionpain. The reduced friction coating 109 also can reduce the risk that theneedle 104 will be dislodged or debonded from the hub 154.

As shown in FIGS. 5-8, the tool 104 can be inserted into the handpiece102 by twisting off a protective cap 156, which is coupled of the distalend of the carrier 152. This cap 156 can be eliminated if otherpackaging options are desired. It is also understood that the carrierand or the sleeve do not need to be part of the packaging and they maybe a separate purchased tool or fixture. The user then pushes down onthe button 132 of the handpiece 102 to open the collet 124, as describedfurther below with reference to FIGS. 9-10, and inserts the needle 104and carrier assembly into the handpiece 102 until the needle 104 stopswithin the collet 124 and punctures a penetrable seal 107 of thecartridge 106. The button 132 is then released and the packaging carrier152 is removed while the sleeve 108 moves downwardly to cover the needle104 automatically, which is described further below with reference toFIGS. 10-11.

For example, in one embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 5A-5Q, a tool can beloaded and/or unloaded from the handpiece. FIGS. 5A-5J illustrate aprocedure for loading the tool. With reference to FIGS. 5A and 5B, abutton on the handpiece is depressed to open the gripping mechanism asthe end user moves the assembly towards the handpiece. The alignmentsleeve is inserted into the handpiece until it stops up against thesurface of the handpiece. At that time the alignment sleeve flexingelement are frictionally fitted on the outer diameter of the handpiece.In some embodiments, the button of the gripping mechanism does not needto be depressed since the tool's outer diameter can cause the grippingelement to expand by pushing the tool forward. With reference to FIGS.5C and 5D, the carrier is then advanced forward until it contacts thetopical sleeve and begins pushing the sleeve inwardly, which causes thespring to compress. With reference to FIGS. 5L and 5F, the carrier ispushed until it stops when the hub contacts the gripping mechanism. Atthis time the button is released to grip the tool. Thus, the hub coversa first portion of the outer surface of the tool (e.g. a standard typeneedle), and the gripping mechanism (e.g. a gripping device) isconfigured to grip a second portion of the outer surface of the tool notcovered by the hub. With reference to FIGS. 5G and 5H, the carrier ismoved away from the handpiece, which causes the sleeve to movedownwardly as the spring expands. The alignment sleeve is stationary atthis time due to the fact that is frictionally fitted on the handpiece.The flexing elements of the alignment sleeve snap into the groove of thecarrier as the carrier is moved away. With reference to FIG. 5J, afterthe flexing fingers of the alignment sleeve snap into the carrier'sgroove and as the carrier continues to move away from the handpiece thealignment sleeve is now disengaged from the handpiece since the snapforce between the carrier and the alignment sleeve is higher than thefrictional force or snap force between the alignment sleeve and theouter diameter of the handpiece.

FIGS. 5K-5Q illustrate a procedure for unloading the tool. Withreference to FIGS. 5K and 5L, the alignment sleeve/carrier assembly isinserted into the handpiece all the way until the alignment sleevecontacts the face of the handpiece and continues moving the carrierforward, which causes the sleeve to move inwardly into the handpiece aspreviously described in the loading procedure. At this time the carrierengages the hub. With reference to FIGS. 5M and 5N, the button isdepressed to open the gripping mechanism and the carrier, which is nowattached to the tool, is removed away from the handpiece. In someembodiments, the griping mechanism can be opened up prior to the carrierengaging the hub. The carrier continues to move away from the handpiece,which causes the sleeve to move downwardly as the spring expands. Thealignment sleeve is stationary at this time due to the fact that isfrictionally fitted on the handpiece. With reference to FIG. 5P, thecarrier continues to move away from the handpiece until the flexingelements of the alignment sleeve snap into the groove of the carrier aspreviously described on the loading procedure. With reference to FIG.5Q, after the flexing fingers of the alignment sleeve snap into thecarrier's groove and as the carrier continues to move away from thehandpiece, the alignment sleeve is now disengaged from the handpiecesince the snap force between the carrier and the alignment sleeve ishigher than the frictional force or snap force between the alignmentsleeve and the outer diameter of the handpiece. The tool, which isautomatically covered by the alignment sleeve, can now be disposed of inthe appropriate container.

As shown in FIGS. 9-10, the collet opening feature preferably preventsaccidental opening of the collet 124 while in use. The spring force ofthe collet spring 130, when the collet 124 is at the closed position,acts in the same direction as the acting force of the needle 104. Thecollet 124 in the closed position provides a space 160 between thelocking bushing 140 and the collet housing 126 inner surface to allowfor downward movement of the collet 124 prior to collet opening, whichcauses the needle 104 to pullout of the ampoule 106. The clearanceshould be larger than the space 160 to allow for the collet 124 tosurpass the collet housing 126 opening of the distal end. While openingthe collet 124, the locking bushing 140 preferably remains enclosed inthe housing 126 while the collet 124 moves away and dislodges from thebushing 140.

As shown in FIGS. 9-11, the sleeve spring 136 keeps the sleeve 108automatically down when topical contact is removed. A locking feature162, e.g., a tab, prevents upward movement of the sleeve 108 when not inuse. Grooves 164 on the sleeve 108 provide visual depth control. Thesleeve 108 has a small distal hole 166 to prevent bending of the needle104. A skeleton body, e.g., a hole 168, and or a see-through materialcan allow for viewing of needle 104. Axial holes or grooves 170 allowfor sleeve axial movement, provide access to the tab, and facilitateassembly. The face 172 provides a stop when assembling the needle 104using the carrier 152. The protective sleeve 108 preferably isindependent of the collet mechanism 124. The locking feature 162 shouldallow for adequate gripping during locking and unlocking. The sleevespring 136 is slightly compressed to provide a downward force to keepthe sleeve 108 down. The top section of the sleeve 108 preferably can beconfigured to interface with a standard syringe or a handpiece 102. Inone embodiment, the sleeve can be connected to the handpiece such thatit has a tendency to self lock. In one embodiment, this can be achievedby having a torsional spring that couples the sleeve to the housing. Insome embodiments, a self locking sleeve advantageously reduces thechances of accidental injury.

FIG. 12 illustrates one technique for loading the cartridge 106 orampoule of solution into the handpiece 102. In this embodiment, thehandpiece 102 includes a sleeve 106 a, which is pivotally connected at apivot 106 b to the handpiece 102. As shown, the sleeve 106 a may bepivoted away from the body of the handpiece 102 such that the ampoule106 may be inserted into the sleeve 106 a. The sleeve 106 b may then beback towards the handpiece to position the ampoule 106 generally alongthe longitudinal axis of the handpiece 102.

The contents of the ampoule 106 can be delivered in a variety ofmanners. For example, in FIGS. 13-15, the injection system 100 includesa mechanism 175, which comprises gear racks 174, gear rods 176, spurgears 178 and a power spring mechanism 180. The gear rod 176 and a leveror button 132 can be combined with the gear 178 and the rack 174 andassembled with a power spring 180. The power spring 180 is wound up whenlever and rod 176 combination 175 is locked into the handpiece body (seeFIG. 1). The user unlocks the lever 132, which makes the power spring180 unwind. The spring 180 preferably rotates the gear 178, making therack 174 move towards the front end of the handpiece 102. The rack 174is connected to the rod 176, which contacts a dispensing mechanism suchas a cartridge plunger 1 75b. The cartridge plunger 1 75b moves relativeto the cartridge 106 as it is driven by the gear system. Driving theplunger into the cartridge 106 causes the solution to be dispensedthrough the tool 104, for example by applying pressure to the solutionwithin the cartridge. Of course, those of skill in the art willrecognize that in other embodiments any variety of other types ofmechanisms may be used as dispensing mechanisms to dispense the materialfrom the ampoule 106, including but not limited, to other types ofplunger mechanisms.

FIG. 15 illustrates a motorized component of one embodiment of thehandpiece 102. As shown in FIGS. 16-17, the motorized mechanism 182comprises a motor 184. The motor size is relatively small and configuredto fit within the handpiece 102. The motor 184 preferably comprises arotating or oscillating portion 186. The rotating or oscillating portion186 can have prongs configured to cooperate with prongs of a connector193. The prongs of portion 186 allow for a quick connection anddisconnection of the motor 184 and the connector 193. Accordingly, themotor 184 can be removed from the handpiece 102. The rotation of themotor 184 preferably is translated to the shaft or connector 193. Theconnector 193 has a gear connector housing 194, a shaft 195, a matinggear 196, one or more ball-bearings 197, and a quick connect/disconnecttip 198 for translating the rotation or oscillation to the tool holdingor gripping mechanism 192. Gear connections 188 between the connector193 and the tool gripping mechanism 192 can be optimized to reduce noiseand improve performance of the handpiece 102. The gears can be coatedwith a coating, such as an amorphous diamond coating and/or a ME-92coating, to minimize frictional losses. The controls for the device arepreferably located in a convenient position for single handed function.The motorized mechanism 182 can be configured in some embodiments tooperate the tool gripping mechanism 192, the dispensing mechanism 105,or both.

In the illustrated embodiment, the system 100 is configured such thatthe tool 104 may be used to penetrate tissue at an injection site anddeliver solution from the cartridge 106 to the injection site throughapplication of the solution dispensing mechanism. The handpiece 102, inturn, is configured to control the rate of delivery of the solutionprecisely and safely from the cartridge 106 and through the tool 104 tothe patient. For example, the solution dispensing mechanism can becontrolled to adjust the delivery of the solution. In one embodiment,the system is configured to rotate, vibrate and/or oscillate the tool104 relative to the cartridge 106. For example, the tool 104 may rotateand/or oscillate to perforate tissue while the cartridge 106 is heldgenerally stationary within the handpiece 102. In other particularlypreferred embodiments, the tool 104 may rotate and/or oscillate toperforate tissue while the cartridge 106 generally rotates and/oroscillates the ampoule continuously or intermittently within thehandpiece 102. In some embodiments, the tool 104 can be held generallystationary.

In one embodiment, the tool 104 punctures the ampoule 106 to place thetool 104 in fluid communication with the cartridge 106. The tool 104preferably punctures the ampoule 106 when the tool 104 is inserted intothe tool gripping mechanism by the carrier. In other embodiments, thetool 104 is directly or indirectly coupled to the cartridge 106 to placethe cartridge 106 in fluid communication with the tool. As mentionedabove, one advantage of using the tool 104 to puncture the cartridge 106includes minimizing the number of fluid delivery components between thecartridge 106 and the delivery site. Minimizing components preferablyavoids leakage at joints and simplifies the manufacturing and assemblyprocess. Additionally, another advantage of minimizing componentsbetween the cartridge 106 and the delivery site is that fewer componentsallow the overall drive train to become smaller.

In some embodiments, the intraosseous injection system 100 the handpiece102 is configured to be cordless (e.g., battery operated). In someembodiments, the handpiece 102 is configured to have a fiber optic lightto bring additional illumination to the operating area and or curinglight systems to facilitate dental applications. The handpiece 102 canhave a light-weight ergonomic design by making the handpiece out oftitanium alloy and or incorporating ceramic balls instead of stainlesssteel balls with cordless motor controls. In some embodiments, thesystem may be configured to oscillate the tool 104 instead of rotatingthe tool 104. Oscillating the tool 104 may reduce the torque generatedduring bone perforation as compared to rotation. For example, a quarterturn rotation of the tool 104 reduces the torsional overloading on thetool 104 and minimizes the chances of tool failure. Oscillating the tool104 also allows for a smaller sized tool to be used, compared with toolsused for full rotation applications. Using a smaller tool sizeadvantageously reduces the pain caused by injection of the tool 104 intothe patient.

FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of an injectionsystem 200. The system 200 comprises a handpiece 202, a tool 204, acartridge 206, and a sleeve 208. System 200 has a motorized mechanism282, a dispensing mechanism 290, and a tool gripping mechanism 292. Thesystem 200 is similar to system 100 described above, except that thedispensing mechanism 290 has a gear rack and a spring-loaded leverassembly 290a for advancing the gear rack forward in a ratchet typemotion. The mechanism 282 can be a rotating mechanism and can beconfigured to be connected to an off the-shelf or customized motor. Themotor can be, for example, an air motor (e.g. an air supply) or electricmotor. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that thepresent invention extends beyond the specifically disclosed embodimentsdescribed above to other alternative embodiments and/or uses of theinvention and obvious modifications and equivalents thereof. Inaddition, while a number of variations of the invention have been shownand described in detail, other modifications, which are within the scopeof this invention, will be readily apparent to those of skill in the artbased upon this disclosure. It is also contemplated that varioussubstitutions, combinations or subcombinations of the specific featuresand aspects of the embodiments described above may be made and stillfall within the scope of the invention. In particular, some additionalfeatures and functions of intraosseous injection systems will now bedescribed in detail below.

A. Tools

1. Needles

As shown in FIG. 19, in another embodiment, the tool 204 is a needledesigned with a double cutting edge 205 for left and right handedcutting. The needle 204 can have a steeped secondary angle 207. Thesteeped secondary angle 207 reduces frictional forces and minimizes paincaused by insertion. As shown in FIG. 20, in another embodiment of aninjection system 300, a tool 304 has a needle with a double cutting edge305 and a fluted outer surface 307.

FIG. 21 shows an intraosseous injection system 400 having a needle 401having a needle tip with a bevel 402, which creates an opening 403. Italso has one or more cutting edges 404, a radial relief 405, and one ormore notches 406. FIG. 22 is a perspective view of the tip of the needle401 showing cutting edges 404. The cutting edges 404 allow for an easierpenetration of the needle 401 into the bone as the needle 401 is rotatedor oscillated. FIG. 23 is a side view of the tip of the needle 401showing the cutting edges 404. The cutting edges 404 create a narrow tip407 in comparison with a rounded tip 508, of another embodiment of aninjection system 500, having components similar to the components ofsystem 400, as shown in FIG. 24. This narrow tip 407 reduces thedownward force required for the needle 401 to penetrate into the site.FIG. 25 is a perspective view of the needle 501 shown in FIG. 24. Insystems 400, 500, notches 406, 506 create orifices 409,509, whichprovide a way to discharge medication away from the cutting action. Theneedles 401, 501 may have one or more notches 406, 506. The notch shapecan be any suitable shape. The depth 510 of the notch 506, as shown inFIG. 26, preferably penetrates the through hole 511 of the needle 501.The notch 406, 506 can have any suitable radial and linear location. Thenotches 406, 506 preferably are positioned so that the openings are notlikely to be clogged by bone chips. As shown in FIG. 27, the needle 501can have a radial relief 505 to reduce heat buildup and to, for example,reduce the likelihood of the needle 501 getting stuck in the bone. Insome embodiments, a standard needle tip can also be used. In someembodiments a standard needle can be used for soft tissue injection. Insome embodiments the handpiece can be configured to allow for softtissue injection as well as hard tissue injection. In one embodiment, anextended cut is not provided so that anesthetic solution is deliveredinto the soft tissue at the earliest possible stage.

Accordingly, in one embodiment, a needle tip has one or more anestheticoutlet notches, one or more cutting edges, and a radial relief. The tiphas cutting edges to facilitate cortical plate penetration when needleis rotated or oscillated while preventing overheating conditions. Thenotch creates an opening located away from the cutting tip, whichprevents clogging of the needle. In some embodiments, a radial reliefportion is provided to reduce frictional forces that cause heating ofthe needle during bone penetration. In another embodiment, a steepedsecondary angle reduces frictional forces and minimizes pain caused byinsertion. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the needle tip can be used topenetrate the soft tissue and/or the bone and deliver anestheticsolution all in one device without causing extreme complications. Theneedle facilitates penetration into cortical plate, prevents clogging ofthe needle, and reduces frictional forces that cause overheating of boneand needle. In another embodiment, the needle tip 550 has bevels topenetrate the soft tissue and the bone and deliver anesthetic solutionall in one device without causing extreme complications as shown in FIG.27A. The needle tip 550 has a primary bevel 552 and two (right 554 andleft 556) secondary bevels).

In operation one uses the needle device in a normal approach forintraosseous injection applications. First, the needle is inserted intothe gingival mucosa and anesthetic solution may be applied to numb thearea. Secondly, the needle is rotated, oscillated, and/or left static topenetrate the cortical plate to the desired depth. The rotation oroscillation of the needle may also be started before or during thepenetration of the gingival mucosa. Then, the anesthetic solution isinjected. Finally, the needle is removed from the site and disposed inan appropriate receptacle.

Accordingly, one embodiment of the needle design comprises a tip thathas left-handed and/or right-handed cutting edges to facilitate corticalplate penetration. Alternately the needle tip may have one or morebevels to facilitate the soft tissue and cortical plate penetration. Theneedle tip preferably has an inwardly tapering outer diameter or asteeped secondary angle to reduce the risk that the needle will jam intothe bone and to facilitate bone-drilling action by reducing frictionalforces. The needle body preferably has one or more notches to ensuredelivery of anesthetic solution. The needle body preferably has a radialrelief to reduce heat buildup and to prevent clogging of anestheticoutlets during bone drilling. The needle can be coated with a coating,such as an amorphous diamond coating and/or a ME-92 coating, to reducethe coefficient of friction on the surface of the needle.

2. Files, Burrs, Drills

As shown in FIGS. 28-29, in another embodiment of an injection system600, a tool 604 is a file, burr or drill. The tool 604 has a proximalend 620 and a distal end 622. The proximal end 620 of the tool 604 canbe configured to penetrate a cartridge containing a solution, e.g., ananesthetic solution, antibiotics, an irrigation solution, composite,filling materials, gutta-purcha, and/or other dental materials. Forexample, the proximal portion 620 can have a needle or hollow tube 624at its proximal end to allow for the dispensing of solutions, pastes, orgels from a cartridge. In one embodiment, the solution, paste, or gel isadvantageous for treating the socket of the tooth or a root canal spacebeing created by the tool 604. In one embodiment, the solution, paste,or gel is advantageous to irrigate the tool and/or tooth structure toavoid overheating of the tool and the site. The tool 604 has anirrigation feature and can be used with any suitable handpiece. Forexample, the tool 604 can have a chuck and/or a latch connection to fitsome handpieces.

The tool 604 can comprise multiple pieces. As shown in FIG. 28, the tool604 has a fluted distal end 622 and a hub portion 626. In someembodiments, the tool 604 is a unitary structure. In the illustratedembodiment, the tool 604 is a multi-piece structure, with the hub 626coupled to the fluted body 628. In some embodiments, the hub 626 can bepress-fitted or laser welded to the fluted body 628. The proximalportion 620 of the needle 604 can be integral with the needle body 628or hub 626 in some embodiments. In other embodiments, a proximal portion620 of the needle 604 can be a tube 624 or other structure that is pressfitted, laser welded, or otherwise coupled to the body 628 or hub 626.

As shown in FIG. 29, the tool 604 has an irrigation hole 630. The depthof the irrigation hole 630 can vary depending on the design of the file,burr or drill. In one embodiment, the file, burr or drill has anirrigation hole 630 that protrudes through the flute 632 at the proximalend of the flute. In another embodiment, additional side holesperpendicular to, or at an angle to, the long axis of the irrigationhole 630 are provided. When the proximal end 620 of the file, burr ordrill with the irrigation feature is inserted into a cartridge mountedin the handpiece and the dispensing mechanism is activated, the solutionwill go into the irrigation hole 630, will come out of an opening 634and will trickle or slide down the flutes 632 to treat and/or cool downthe site and/or the file, burr or drill.

In another embodiment of an injection system 700 is shown in FIGS.30-31, a tool 704, e.g., a file, has a shank 740 with an irrigation hole730. The tool 704 has a latch connection 742 to fit one or more types ofhandpieces. The file body 744 has flutes 746 that cover a length of thefile body 744. The file body 744 is press-fitted, laser welded, orotherwise coupled to, or unitarily formed with, the shank 740. There canbe one or more flutes 746. The flutes 746 can vary in shape. The flutes746 can have a pitch that is particularly suitable for a desiredapplication. A tube or needle, not shown, can be coupled to, orintegrally formed with, the proximal end 720 of the shank 740. The tubeor needle preferably can be coupled with a dispensing device orcartridge. In another embodiment, the tube or needle can be a part ofthe shank body. In use, solution, antibiotics, gel, and/or paste goesthrough the hole 730 and into the flutes 746 of the file 704.

B. Handpieces

1. Needle Holding Mechanisms

FIGS. 32-38 show one embodiment of an injection system 800, wherein atool 804 is carried and loaded into a housing of a handpiece with acarrier 852. The carrier 852 can also be used to unload the tool 804from the handpiece 802 (only a portion of which is illustrated in FIGS.32-38). As described above, the tool 804 preferably is held within thehousing 820 of the handpiece 802 by a collet 824, a chucking, and/or aquick connection mechanism 825 that provides for the movement of thetool 804, e.g., rotation and/or oscillation of the tool 804.

The tool preferably has a protrusion 855 on the hub portion 854. Thecarrier 852 has a coupling portion 853, e.g., a clip, for coupling thecarrier 852 with the tool 804 at the protrusion 855. The user can holdthe carrier 852 to bring the tool 804, e.g., a needle, a hollow drill,and/or a file, into the handpiece 802. The hub 854 of the needle 804 canbe gripped by the collet 824 or chucking mechanism of the handpiece 802in some embodiments. In the illustrated embodiment, the protrusion 855preferably engages the quick connect/disconnect mechanism 825. Thecarrier 852 is then uncoupled from, e.g., clipped off of, the hub 854.The tool can be rotated or oscillated as anesthetic solution isdispensed through the tool 804. Once the application is completed, theend user can engage the carrier 852 back onto the protrusion 855. Theuser opens up the collet 824, the chucking mechanism, and/or the quickconnect/disconnect mechanism 825. The needle and hub assembly 804 canthen be removed from the handpiece 802.

As shown in FIG. 34, in one embodiment, the quick connect/disconnectmechanism 825 has a distal end with an “L” shape opening 827 and aguiding feature or tab 829 to align an opening 831 of a retaining ring833 to the radial portion of the “L” shaped opening 827 (short leg ofthe “L” shaped opening 827). The collet housing 826 has gear teeth 837at its proximal end to engage a gear shaft of a motor, or air drivenmechanism to rotate or oscillate the collet 824. A spring 841 allows forthe retaining ring 833 to be pushed proximally by the carrier 852 andautomatically retract when the carrier 852 is withdrawn. The retainingring 833 prevents the hub 854 from rotating during use. A capping sleeve843 preferably holds the retaining ring 833 in place.

A semi-sectional view of the quick connect/disconnect mechanism is shownassembled within the handpiece 802 body in FIG. 35. In operation, asshown in FIGS. 36-38, the user aligns the hub's protrusion 855 with theopening 827 of the quick connect/disconnect body 825 using the carrier852. Then, the user inserts the hub 854 until stops up against a surface845 of the quick connect/disconnect body 825. A carrier surface 847pushes the retaining ring 833 inwardly causing the spring 841 tocollapse. The user rotates the carrier 852 clockwise to lock the hub'sprotrusion 855 into the radial opening 827. An opening 821 can create aflexible element 823 to retain the protrusion 855 in place when thecarrier 852 is released from the protrusion 855. As the carrier 852moves away from the handpiece 852, the spring 841 is decompressed,moving the retaining ring 833 distally. A surface 819 of the retainingring 833 prevents the protrusion 855 from rotating.

FIG. 39 shows an exploded view of one embodiment of an injection system900, having a rotating gear mechanism. The system 900 comprises a distalcollet housing 901, a collet 902, a locking bushing 903, a top collethousing 904, a spring 905, a driver 906, an aligning sleeve 907, a gear908, a bushing 909, a gear motor 910, a button or lever 911, and a body912. FIG. 40 is an exploded view of another embodiment of an injectionsystem 1000 having a collet mechanism in which gear feature 1013 is partof a collet housing 1014. The mechanism also includes a collet 1002, aspring 1005, a locking bushing 1003, and a driver 1006. The colletmechanism can be assembled into a housing and body components such asthose described with reference to FIG. 39. The collet 1002 can have aninternal anti-rotational feature, such as a polygonal internal cavity1022, as shown in FIG. 41 that engages a corresponding matching outerbody of a tool to prevent rotation or premature dislodging of the tool.

FIG. 42 is a cross-sectional view of the assembly of the system 900described above. An inner surface 914 of the body 912 can connect to asyringe or another device that delivers anesthetics, or any other fluidsor substances, such as antibiotics, composites, and/or coolant, etc. Thesurface 914 allows for direct tool and/or needle insertion into anampoule. The motor gear 910 is connected to a motor that has the abilityto reverse its direction when a desired torque is achieved. The operatorcan open the collet 902 by pushing down the button 911. In anotherembodiment of an injection system 1100, as show in FIG. 43, a button1115 that is pushed inwardly slides on a tapered surface 1116 of adriver 1117, which moves the driver 1117 distally to open a collet 1102.

FIG. 44 is a perspective exploded view of one embodiment of an injectionsystem 1200 having a tool, e.g., needle 1218, a protective cap 1219, anda carrier 1220. The carrier 1220 preferably holds the bared needle 1218using gripping elements 1221 as shown in FIG. 45.

As shown in FIG. 46, another embodiment of an injection system 1300includes a carrier 1322 that holds a needle 1318 and a hub assembly 1323by encapsulating flexing elements 1324 of the hub 1323 inside a cavity1325. FIG. 47 is a perspective view of the hub 1323 assembled withneedle 1318. The hub 1323 has flexing elements 1324 at its distal end toallow for the easy removal from the carrier 1322 shown in FIG. 46. Theseflexing elements 1324 can be reinserted back in the carrier 1322 tofacilitate the removal of the needle/hub assembly from the colletmechanism 902 described above with reference to FIG. 39. In anotherembodiment, the flexing elements can be part of the carrier, as shown inFIGS. 3A and 3B and discussed above. Having the flexing elements on thecarrier facilitates manufacturing and provides a strong connection. Theneedle 1318 can be coupled or connected to the hub 1323 using currentmanufacturing methods, such as insert molding, welding, interlocking,sealing, or light-cure adhesive technologies. The needle 1318 can haveanti-rotational features such as rough finishes, out of roundgeometries, knurled surfaces, or other features to further improve itsengagement with the hub 1323. The hub 1323 preferably has a shaft thatcan compress. In some embodiments, the hub 1323 can be made of plasticmaterial and/or can include flexing features 1326 that allow for anindirect gripping of the tool by the collet mechanism, therebypreventing the tool from disengaging the hub 1323. In some embodimentsthe hub can be made of metal or hard plastic to prevent its deformationduring gripping and facilitate its removal. In other embodiments, thetool and/or hub 1323 can have a non-circular outer shaft that engagesthe non-circular inside cavity 1022 of the collet 1002 of FIG. 41. Inanother embodiment, the hub portion of the tool can have one or morerough surfaces to prevent slipping of the tool from the collet orchucking mechanism.

FIG. 48 is a perspective view of another embodiment of an injectionsystem 1400, having a carrier/needle assembly 1427 and a static grippingmechanism 1428. The gripping mechanism 1428 facilitates the loading of atool and/or needle 1418 because the user can push a button 1411 to openthe collet 1402 for insertion of the tool and/or needle 1418 as shown inFIG. 49. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the user is able to avoidhaving to thread the tool and/or needle hub assembly multiple times inorder to ensure adequate engagement. FIG. 50 is a perspective view ofthe static gripping mechanism 1428 with the needle 1418 loaded in place.The body 1429 can be connected to any suitable syringe device. Theneedle 1418 goes through the internal features 1430 of the grippingmechanism 1428 as shown in FIG. 51 to directly engage an anestheticcartridge and/or an ampoule that contains a variety of medications,composites and or coolants.

In another embodiment, a body 1450 similar to the body 1429 can beconnected to a custom device 1452 shown in FIGS. 51A-51B. The customdevice 1452 is similar to other handpieces described herein, except asdescribed below. FIGS. 51A-51B are schematic views of another embodimentof an injection system 1440, having a static gripping mechanism 1444with the needle loaded in place. The body 1450 can be connected to thecustom dispensing handpiece device 1452 by positioning a proximalportion of the body 1450 over a distal portion of the handpiece device1452. The needle goes through the internal features 1446 of the grippingmechanism 1444 to directly engage an anesthetic cartridge and/or anampoule that contains a variety of medications, composites and orcoolants.

2. Sleeve

FIG. 52 shows an embodiment of an injection system 1500 having ahandpiece 1502, a tool 1504, and a sleeve 1508. The sleeve 1508 of thisembodiment is similar to the sleeve described above with reference toFIGS. 1-17, except as noted below. In this embodiment, the sleeve 1508is adjustable or removable, provides a depth control feature, and islockable in a plurality of positions. The handpiece 1502 preferablycomprises a spring loaded protective sleeve 1508 for at least partiallycovering the tool 1504. As described above, the sleeve 1508 can be usedto apply pressure to the tissue to minimize pain. The sleeve 1508 isalso used to control the depth of insertion of the tool 1504. In someembodiments, the sleeve 1508 can move between a fully deployed positionand a fully retracted position. The sleeve 1508 preferably can be lockedin the fully deployed position, the fully retracted position, and/or inintermediate positions. Accordingly, the operator can determine theposition of the sleeve 1508 for a particular application. In oneembodiment, the sleeve 1508 can be coupled with the body of thehandpiece via an adjustable connection, e.g., a threaded connection. Theadjustable connection can allow a user to remove the sleeve 1508 fromthe body of the handpiece 1502. The adjustable connection can allow theuser to vary the protrusion of the sleeve 1508 from the body of thehandpiece for controlling the depth that the tool 1504 is inserted intothe injection site. The adjustable connection can allow for theinterchangeability of sleeves 1508 for different types or sizes of tools1504, e.g., needles, hollow drills, dispensing tips, or files. The outersurfaces of the sleeve 1508 can have a coating, such as amorphousdiamond coating. A coating can reduce tissue adhesion, making the sleeveeasier to clean, and can reduce problems associated with a patient'snickel sensitivity.

As shown in FIG. 52, the sleeve 1508 provides a depth control feature.One or more openings 1511 along the axis of housing 1506 can lock thetopical sleeve 1508 at any axial position to at least partially coverthe tool 1504 to provide a specific depth of insertion 1512 when thesurface 1513 of the topical sleeve 1508 contacts the topical site, e.g.,tissue, bone, or tooth. The topical sleeve 1508 can engage the handpiece1502 housing 1506 in a way that allows for its removal and/or forinterchangeability purposes. If an operator decides not to use thetopical sleeve 1508, the sleeve 1508 can be locked at the most proximalopening so the topical sleeve 1508 is fully retracted inside the housing1506. The sleeve 1508 can also be threaded inside the body to allow fora custom depth of insertion, if desired, by simply unthreading orthreading the sleeve from the housing.

FIG. 53 shows an exploded view of one embodiment of an injection system1600 having a needle that rotates or is pushed into the site. The devicecomprises a needle 1601, a needle hub driver 1602, a flexible protectivesleeve 1603, and a protective sleeve housing 1604. The flexibleprotective sleeve 1603 is inserted through an access hole 1607 of theprotective sleeve housing 1604. The needle 1601 can be a standardneedle, an osseous needle, a file, a drill, or an osseous piercingcomponent. The needle 1601 is inserted in the needle hub driver 1602through a hole 1606. The needle hub driver assembly is inserted throughthe access hole 1607 of the protective sleeve housing 1604. In anotherembodiment of an injection system 1700, a flexible protective sleeve1703, and a protective sleeve housing 1704 can be part of a handpiecedevice 1705 as shown in FIG. 54, in which the needle is inserted fromthe access hole 1708. The handpiece device 1705 preferably incorporatesthe topical protective sleeve 1703, the protective sleeve housing 1704,a spring 1724, and a spring retainer or stop 1723 as shown in FIG. 55.

FIG. 56 is a cross-sectional view of the multi-piece sleeve embodiment1600 that fits inside a handpiece. A needle hub driver protrusion, e.g.,flange 1610, is inserted in an inner feature, e.g., groove 1611, of theprotective sleeve housing. The needle hub driver 1602 is allowed torotate without disengaging the assembly 1609. The outside surface, e.g.,diameter 1612, at the proximal end of the flexible protective sleeve1603 preferably is press fitted in the inside element 1613 of thehousing 1604 to prevent it from coming off. The flexible features 1614of the protective sleeve allow for compression or expansion as thedistal end 1615 contacts the site. The protective sleeve 1603 has anouter ridge 1616 that engages an inner feature 1617, e.g., a groove, ofthe protective sleeve housing 1604, which provides a locking feature toprevent the sleeve from retracting and ensures that the needle iscovered before transport to a point of use. The protective sleeve 1603disengages the inner feature 1617 as pressure is applied to the distalend 1615 of the flexible protective sleeve. The protective sleeve 1603also has one or more flanges 1619 that move axially through the openings1620 of the protective sleeve housing 1604, as shown in FIG. 56. Theflanges 1619 provide a gripping function to lock the protective sleeve1603 in the inner feature 1617 of the housing 1604 to prevent it frommoving during needle disposal. An alternative locking feature is shownin FIG. 57-58 in which the flange 1719 in a groove 1720 is rotated intoa slot 1721 to prevent the protective sleeve 1703 from moving. In otherembodiments a plurality of openings or slots 1721 can be provided alongthe axis of the housing 1704 to act as a stop to control the needle'sinsertion depth.

FIG. 59 is an exploded view of the flexible protective sleeve 1603. Thesleeve comprising of a distal hollow formation, such as a cylinder 1612,a flexible feature 1614, one or more flanges 1619, and a hollowstructure, such as a cylinder 1622. In another embodiment of aninjection system 1800 shown in FIG. 60, an assembly comprises first,second, and third separate pieces, a stop 1823, a spring 1824, and ahollow structure 1825. As shown in FIG. 59, system 1600 has a flexiblefeature comprising two arms that bend as the cylinder 1622 is pushed andthat straighten as the pressure is released. The cylinder 1622 can haveopenings 1626 to allow for viewing of the needle. In another embodiment,the cylinder 1622 can be made out of a see-through material. Thecylinder 1622 can have guidelines, e.g., grooves 1627, or marks, thatcan provide a visual guide to determine the depth of the needle as thecylinder 1622 is inserted into the protective sleeve housing 1604. Theinner hole 1628 prevents the needle from bending while in use. Thecylinder 1622 has a ridge 1616, or an outer protrusion, at its distalend that locks inside the inner feature of the housing 1604. Theflexible feature 1614, such as a spring or a plastic or metal coil,allows for the axial movement of the cylinder 1622 as the needle isinserted or removed from the site. The proximal end 1612 is connected tothe inner feature of the housing 1603 to prevent the sleeve 1603 fromcoming out. The distal end 1615 can offer a serrated and/or concavegeometry to allow for indentation of soft tissue.

FIG. 61 is an isometric cross-sectional view of the protective sleevehousing 1604. The inner feature, e.g., groove 1611, at its distal endallows for the rotation of the needle driver 1602. The inside element,e.g., a diameter 1613, preferably fits tight with the distal cylinder1611 of the protective sleeve 1603 as shown in FIG. 59. The one or moreaxial openings 1620 provide access for the flange 1619 of the protectivesleeve 1603 to slide back and forth along its axis and to provide accessfor the user to lock the sleeve 1603 inside the inner groove 1617. Thehousing may be secured in a driving device using a locking feature, suchas an outer groove 1629.

FIG. 62 is a perspective view of the needle hub driver 1602. The throughhole 1606 provides retention or access for the needle 1601, as shown inFIG. 53. The needle 1601 is inserted through the hole 1606 and may restagainst the side of an extension member 1630 shown in FIG. 63, whichprovides lateral support to the needle 1601. The needle 1601 can becoupled, or connected, to the needle hub driver 1602 using currentmanufacturing methods, such as molding, insert molding, welding,interlocking, sealing, or light-cure adhesive technologies. The needlehub driver 1602 is connected to the housing 1604 shown in FIG. 53 in away that allows for the needle hub driver to rotate while the housingremains static by having a projection, e.g., flange 1610, that engagesan inner feature, e.g., groove 1611, in the housing 1604 as shown inFIG. 56. The extension 1630 can be visually seen through the assembly bymaking the housing 1604 out of a clear material or by having askeleton-like structure. The extension 1630 can be aligned with theoutlet of the needle to provide a visual guide to the user while theneedle 1601 is inserted in the site. The anti-rotational feature 1632engages the driving device to rotate the needle 1601.

Accordingly, in the embodiments described above, a flexible protectivesleeve for needle applications has an elastic feature that allows forthe retraction and expansion of the sleeve to cover the needle at alltimes if desired. In some cases the needle preferably is neveruncovered, even right after it is removed from the site. Covering theneedle protects the patient and user, while also protecting the needlefrom bending. The flexible sleeve can be use for needles that requirerotation such as intraosseous injections, or needles that are pushedinto the site. The flexible protective sleeve in one embodiment can bepart of the needle hub assembly, and in another embodiment can be partof the handpiece. The flexible protective sleeve can prevent injurieswithout changing injection techniques. Accordingly, in one embodiment,the sleeve provides relatively instant coverage of the needle as it isinserted or removed from the site, prevents the needle from bendingduring use, and protects the patient and user while using or disposingneedles. The sleeve can also be used to control the depth of insertionof a drill or a file and/or to induce pressure at the topical site. Thesleeve can also be used to cool down the tissue to reduce pain, byapplying a cooling agent to the sleeve directly by way of ethyl chlorideor a freon.

In one method of operation, one uses the needle with flexible protectivesleeve for injection applications. The embodiment with rotating needlecapabilities is attached to a driving device, such as a dentalhandpiece, or any other suitable type of apparatus that rotates oroscillates the needle. To initiate operation, the distal surface of theprotective sleeve may be immerged in topical solution and/or coolingagent to numb the soft tissue prior to inserting the needle. The deviceis compressed against the tissue, causing the proprio-receptors to fireand thereby reduce pain during needle insertion. As the compressionforce is increased, the sleeve begins to slide upwardly while the needlepenetrates the site. Once the needle has been adequately penetrated, themedication is introduced. Then, the needle is removed from the site, andthe sleeve begins to move automatically downwardly covering the lengthof the needle the instant the needle disengages the tissue. To preventthe sleeve from retracting, the operator locks the sleeve back in thehousing and disposes of the needle in an appropriate receptacle. Inanother method, the protective sleeve is connected or is used with anembodiment that doesn't have rotating capabilities, such as a syringe ora custom device as shown in FIGS. 51A-51B using the same or similarmethod.

Accordingly, in one embodiment, a needle hub assembly or handpiececomprises a flexible protective sleeve at its distal end to cover theneedle. A middle structure houses the flexible feature or component. Atthe proximal end, an engaging feature connects to a driving componentand/or to an ampoule connection. In some cases, from time of packagingremoval all the way through disposal of the needle, the whole length ofthe needle is covered. The needle preferably is prevented from bending.The patient and user are preferably protected by the sleeve. Theprotective sleeve preferably provides a depth control feature to guidethe user during tool insertion. The needle holder can provide analignment feature to the needle outlet to guide the user once the needleis inserted. The flexible sleeve provides enough pressure against thetissue or means to carry topical gel or cooling agent to allow fortopical anesthetic techniques.

3. Removable Front End

As shown in FIG. 63A, in one embodiment, an injection system 1850comprises a handpiece 1852 having a main body portion 1854, a colletmechanism 1856, and a detachable front-end portion 1858. The front-endportion 1858 of the injection system 1850 can be removable, e.g., forautoclaving purposes. If the main body portion 1854 does not come indirect contact with a patient during a procedure, then only thefront-end portion 1858 needs to be sterilized after each injection. Aquick connect-disconnect front-end portion 1858 can be manufacturedrelatively inexpensively compared with the costs for manufacturing theentire system 1850. Accordingly, users may wish to purchase one or morefront-end portions 1858 at a relatively low cost to be able to satisfythe quantity of injections needed during a given day. In one embodiment,the front-end portion 1858 can be part of a disposable packaging. Insome embodiments, front-end pieces 1858 can be disposable, which mayeliminate the need for autoclaving.

C. Delivery Mechanisms

1. Cartridges

As shown in FIGS. 64-65, in one embodiment of an injection system 1900,a cartridge 1906 is loaded into a cartridge receiving mechanism 1907that is tilted to receive the cartridge 1906 and then snapped intoposition in a handpiece 1902. The tilting mechanism can move towards thetop of the handpiece, as shown in FIG. 64, or it can swivel towards theside of the hand piece, as shown in FIG. 64A, to reduce the distancebetween the lever and the body of the handpiece and allow for a lowerprofile. The sleeve that holds the ampoule in the tilting mechanism canbe coated with reduced friction coating to prevent galling betweenparts. The cartridge 1906 can contain medication, solution, fluid, gel,composites, paste, or any other substance suitable for irrigation ordelivery to the injection site. In some embodiments, the proximal end ofa tool 1904 penetrates directly into the cartridge 1906 at an angle. Inanother embodiment of an injection system 2000, shown in FIG. 66, acartridge 2006 has an angled distal end 2022 that allows a proximal end2020 of the tool 2004 to penetrate into the distal end 2022 of thecartridge 2006 at an angle of approximately 90 degrees. The angled orbent cartridge 2006 can allow for a wide range of handpiece axis angles.

2. Delivery

The contents of a cartridge can be delivered in any suitable manner. Forexample, as shown in FIG. 67, in one embodiment of the injection system2100, the contents can be delivered manually with a lever 2101 and apush rod 2102. In another embodiment of an injection system 2200, asshown in FIG. 68, the contents can be delivered mechanically with apower spring 2201 and gear system as described above with reference toFIGS. 1-17. In another embodiment of an injection system 2300, as shownin FIG. 69, the contents can be delivered with a manual delivery asdescribed further below. In other embodiments, the contents can bedelivered with an electrically driven lead screw and/or gear. In stillother embodiments, an air driven lead screw and/or gear can be used. Onepreferred embodiment is a completely mechanical system, such as, forexample, injection systems 2100 and/or 2300, that allow for manualdelivery. A manual delivery system can advantageously reduce the risk ofaccidental overdosing that may be associated with some automaticsystems. Additionally, mechanical systems can allow the dentist to becompletely in control of the amount of anesthetic to be delivered.Mechanical systems can also have a different regulatory approval processthan automatic systems. Additionally, a manual system can provideincreased tactile feel compared with some automatic systems.

In one embodiment of an injection system 2100, as shown in FIG. 67, alever 2101 and a push rod 2102 are coupled for dispensing a cartridge2106 of solution. The lever 2101 can be located on the top, or on theside 2102 of a handpiece 2105 body. The user moves the lever towards thefront or distal portion of the handpiece 2105 making the rod 2102contact the cartridge plunger 2103, which delivers the medicationthrough a tool 2104.

As shown in FIG. 68, another medication delivery option 2200 is a pushrod and lever combined with a gear and rack assembled with a powerspring. The power spring 2201 is wound up when lever and rod combination2202 is locked in the handpiece body. The user unlocks the lever, whichmakes the power spring unwind. The spring preferably rotates the gear2203, making the rack 2204 move towards the front end of a handpiece.The end user can also overcome the power spring force by manually movingthe lever forward. The rack 2204 is connected to the rod, which contactsa cartridge plunger that delivers the medication.

As shown in FIG. 69, the delivery of the medication can also be done inone embodiment of an injection system 2300, with a gear rack 2305 and aspring-loaded lever 2306 assembly. FIG. 69A shows the gear rack 2305with a cover. The cover can reduce the chances of a glove getting stuckin the rack. As shown in FIG. 69A, a lever 2307 is connected to the rack2305 to assist in removing the rack from the ampoule. The top surface ofthe cover can have markings, such as a scale, and the lever 2307 can beused to indicate the amount of solution being delivered. Solution isdelivered as the end user depresses the spring-loaded lever 2306. Therack 2305 assembly moves forward to contact a cartridge plunger thatdelivers the medication. In still other embodiments, the delivery of themedication can be done with an air driven mechanism, with an electronicmechanism, or with a motorized dispensing mechanism.

3. Cartridge Rotation

As shown in FIGS. 70-74, according to one embodiment, an injectionsystem 2400 comprises a rotary mechanism 2402. The rotary mechanism 2402preferably is capable of rotating a cartridge 2404. Rotation of thecartridge 2404 can minimize the risk of a torsional overload that maytake place at the interfaces of needle 2406, hub 2408 and collet 2410assemblies. A torsional overload can result in the debonding of a needle2406 with resptect to a hub 2408 and/or a needle hub assembly 2408 canslip inside a collet 2410 and thereby reduce the needle RPM. Reducingthe needle RPM can make drilling inside bone difficult, causing theneedle 2406 to stuck inside the bone. Thus, to minimize frictionallosses that may take place between the needle 2406 and ampoule 2404, theinjection system 2400 of the illustrated embodiments includes amechanism for cartridge rotation.

The embodiment of FIGS. 70-74 illustrates a passive mechanism 2402 inwhich the ampoule 2404 sits on one or more rollers 2412, or any otherbearing suitable for allowing rotation. As the needle 2406 rotates, theampoule 2404 will also rotate freely as there is a frictional couplingbetween the needle 2406 and the ampoule 2404 via a silicone stopper2414.

As shown in FIG. 73, an outer shell 2416 of the passive mechanism 2402can swivel up or sideways to facilitate the loading of the cartridge2404. The shell 2416 can have an opening 2418 at the top or side toallow the end user to view the cartridge 2404 and determine the amountof medication that is being delivered. The shell 2416 can also be coatedwith friction reduction coating to reduce or prevent galling ofcartridge 2404 and or rollers 2412. The shell can also be part of thehandpiece body, in which case one or more rollers are placed within thecartridge cavity.

In one embodiment, the rollers 2412 can be retained in a cage. Inanother embodiment, the rollers 2412 can be assembled inside the outershell 2416, as shown in FIGS. 70-71. In another embodiment, ballbearings can be positioned in different linear locations within theshell 2416. The balls can be placed between the shell 2416 and an innerring like some other ball bearings that are commercially available, orin any other suitable fashion.

A retainer 2430 is press fitted, laser welded, or otherwise coupled tothe shell 2416. As shown in FIGS. 72-73, the retainer 2430 can have arounded indentation 2432 to allow for a ball plunger 2434 to lock theshell 2416 in its place and prevent the shell 2416 from moving duringuse.

As shown in FIG. 74, rollers 2412 preferably are placed inside the shell2416 or within the handpiece body to create a diameter that is slightlylarger than the outside diameter of the cartridge 2404 to allow thecartridge 2404 to have free rotational movement.

FIGS. 75-76 illustrate an injection system 2500 having an activemechanism 2502 for rotating the ampoule 2504. In this embodiment, theampoule 2504 is connected to a gear train 2520 via a gear 2522.According to one embodiment, the ampoule 2504 will continually rotate asa needle 2506 rotates to prevent a torsional overload.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 75-76, the cartridge rotates byhaving its front end closely fitted inside the gear 2522 that mates withan intermediate gear mechanism 2524 that also rotates the chuck orcollet 2510 that holds the needle 2506. As the needle 2506 rotates, thecartridge rotates at the same time. Alternately, the cartridge 2504 canrotate by having its face pushed up against the face of the gear 2522using the force generated by the push rod of the delivery mechanism.Accordingly, torsional overload that can take place at the interfaces ofneedle 2506, hub 2508 and collet 2510 assemblies preferably can beavoided.

As shown in FIGS. 77-79, in some embodiments, an injection system 2600comprises a push rod 2640 for contacting a cartridge plunger (notshown), and a rotary mechanism 2602 to prevent torsional overloadbetween the mating surfaces of the push rod 2640 and cartridge plungerof the cartridge or ampoule (not shown). As the cartridge rotates thepush rod 2640 can also rotate freely by incorporating one or morerollers 2612 and/or ball bearings within a push rod housing 2644 or byinserting a loosely fitted tip 2650 at the end of the push rod 2640 thatthe tip 2650 can rotate as it makes contact with a rotating surface ofthe cartridge plunger. In one embodiment, the push rod 2640 is on rollerbearings 2612 or ball bearings to minimize frictional forces on thecartridge while the rod 2640 is pushing against the cartridge plunger.In one embodiment, the push rod 2640 can be assembled with the tip 2650that freely rotates as it is pushing up against the face of thecartridge plunger during medication delivery.

In some embodiments, an advantage of the aforementioned mechanisms is toreduce or eliminate static friction between the needle and thecartridge, and to introduce dynamic friction. Dynamic friction is lowerthan the static friction, which preferably results in lower torsionallosses, thereby reducing the chances of debonding and/or needle slippageinside the collet.

D. Advantages of Some Embodiments

Many features and advantages have been described in connection with theembodiments disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a gripping mechanismfor needles, files, drills, burrs, and/or endodontics tools can beattached to and/or be part of a driving device, static device, syringe,or intraosseous injection system. The mechanism preferably squeezes thetool using a collet or chuck device, which allows for a quickconnect/disconnect of the tool. In one embodiment, the mechanism isconnected to a motor having a torque limiting feature and/or anautomatically reversible rotation at a predetermined amount of torque.These features preferably protect the patient and the end user frominjuries related to applying excessive torque to the tool. Themechanism, preferably permits the proximal end of the needle or tool bitto penetrate directly into an ampoule or cartridge without the need foradditional intermediate pieces. These embodiments can eliminate the needfor an additional needle or device, providing a cost effective, easy touse, and safe product. The mechanism preferably also permits the use ofhollowed-out files or drills that can penetrate the ampoule orcartridge. As explained above, the cartridge can contain a wide range ofcomposites or medications, including antibiotics. The file or drill canalso penetrate an ampoule that contains liquid solutions to preventoverheating of the site and/or to irrigate the canal. Alternatively, themechanism can be attached to, or be part of, a syringe for static needleor tool applications to facilitate the loading and/or removal of thetool or working piece. The mechanism is not limited to use withintraosseous injection systems. The mechanism can also be used in othertypes of injections where the tool or working piece is rotated,oscillated, inserted and/or pushed. The mechanism is also broadly usablefor gripping a wide range of endodontic tools, medical tools, and/orveterinary medicine tools. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the grippingmechanism preferably prevents premature dislodging of the tool,facilitates connection of the tool to the handpiece, prevents prematurebreakage of the tool, eliminates unnecessary components, reduces thegeneration of heat at the working site, and protects the patient anduser during use of the handpiece. The gripping mechanism can be used forstatic, oscillating, and/or rotating dental applications. Someembodiments with a rotating or oscillating gripping mechanism have adriving connection. Some embodiments having a static gripping mechanismdo not have a gear mechanism. The gripping mechanism preferably allowsfor a straightforward loading and unloading of the needle or tool usinga carrier, with or without a hub. In one embodiment, the sleeve providesrelatively instant coverage of the needle as it is inserted or removedfrom the site, prevents the needle from bending during use, and protectsthe patient and user while using or disposing needles. The sleeve canalso be used to control the depth of insertion of a drill or a file.

In operation one uses the gripping device for needles, endodontic, ordental tools such as endodontic files in a normal approach forinjection, or any other type of dental applications. First, the grippingdevice is opened using a button, or any other component for opening thegripping feature chuck or collet. Then, while the button is activated,the tool is inserted into the gripping opening. A carrier can be usedduring the loading process to aid and protect the end user whiledelivering the tool into the collet. At the time when the tool reachesthe desired depth, the button can be deactivated, causing the grippingfeature 124 to apply hoop stresses on the outer diameter of the tool 104as shown in FIG. 80 and/or hub 154 as shown in FIG. 7 to hold the tool104 firmly in place. Once the application is completed, the button isactivated to cause the tool to disengage the gripping device. The toolcan be disposed into an appropriate receptacle with or without the useof the carrier

Accordingly, one embodiment of a gripping mechanism comprises a housinghaving a distal end that holds an inner housing having a grippingcomponent, an optional spring, and a retainer. The housing has aproximal end, and a body that holds a switch. In some embodiments, thehousing has a motor gear shaft. The gripping mechanism preferably holdsthe dental tool, e.g., a needle, a file, directly as shown in FIG. 80 orthrough a stiff or flexible hub (e.g., the hub 154 in FIG. 7) to preventpremature dislodging. In some embodiments, the gripping mechanism has agear element that is connected to a motor to allow for the tool torotate or oscillate. The gripping mechanism can protect the user byhaving a motor that reverses the rotation when it reaches apredetermined torque to prevent breakage of the tool. The tool can bepackaged and/or coupled with a carrier to assist in the loading andunloading process of the tool from the gripping mechanism. The grippingmechanism can be adapted for use with any suitable static or syringedevice. The gripping mechanism preferably allows for the delivery ofmedications such as antibiotics, composites, and or filling material,such as gutta-purcha, or irrigation solutions into the root canalthrough the use of the tool, e.g., a hollow file, a needle. The grippingmechanism preferably eliminates the need for hypodermnic needles and/orintermnediate components to deliver anesthesia after an intraosseousperforator penetrates the site, because the gripping mechanism permnitsthe direct attachment of the perforator into the cartridge and/orampoule. [bold added for emphasis ]

The various devices, methods, procedures, and techniques described aboveprovide a number of ways to carry out the invention. Of course, it is tobe understood that not necessarily all objectives or advantagesdescribed may be achieved in accordance with any particular embodimentdescribed herein. Also, although the invention has been disclosed in thecontext of certain embodiments and examples, it will be understood bythose skilled in the art that the invention extends beyond thespecifically disclosed embodiments to other alternative embodimentsand/or uses and obvious modifications and equivalents thereof.Accordingly, the invention is not intended to be limited by the specificdisclosures of preferred embodiments herein.

1. A device for intraosseous delivery of solutions, comprising: ahousing that receives a solution cartridge having a penetrable seal onone end thereof, the solution cartridge holding a solution therein; agripping device having an open position to receive a needle and having aclosed position to grip the needle, the needle having a hollow boreextending therethrough from a proximal end to a distal end thereof, thegripping device holding the needle with the proximal end of the needlein the solution and with the distal end of the needle exposed forengagement with a material to be drilled; a rotating mechanism thatrotates the gripping device to rotate the needle; and a dispensingmechanism that applies pressure to the solution within the solutioncartridge to force the solution from the solution cartridge through thehollow bore of the needle to eject the solution from the distal end ofthe needle.
 2. The device as defined in claim 1, wherein the grippingdevice comprises a collet mechanism.
 3. The device as defined in claim1, wherein the gripping device comprises a chucking mechanism that gripsthe needle in a region closer to the proximal end of the needle than tothe distal end of the needle.
 4. The device as defined in claim 1,wherein the dispensing mechanism comprises a push rod that appliespressure to the solution within the solution cartridge.
 5. The device asdefined in claim 1, wherein the dispensing mechanism comprises aspring-loaded lever and a rack, and wherein the rack axially advances toreduce the volume of the cartridge as the spring-loaded lever ismanually depressed.
 6. The device as defined in claim 1, wherein thedispensing mechanism comprises a gear and a plunger, and wherein theplunger axially advances to reduce the volume of the cartridge.
 7. Thedevice as defined in claim 1, wherein the gripping device is configuredto receive a standard type needle.
 8. The device as defined in claim 7,wherein the standard type needle comprises a hub covering a firstportion of the outer surface of the needle, and wherein the grippingdevice is configured to grip a second portion of the outer surface ofthe needle not covered by the hub.
 9. The device as defined in claim 1,wherein the distal end of the needle comprises one or more bevels. 10.The device as defined in claim 1, wherein the rotating mechanism isconfigured to be coupled to an electric motor.
 11. The device as definedin claim 1, wherein the rotating mechanism is configured to be coupledto an air supply.
 12. The device as defined in claim 1, wherein therotating mechanism is configured for cordless operation.
 13. The deviceas defined in claim 1, further comprising a sleeve configured to extendover at least a portion of the needle when the needle is gripped by thegripping device.
 14. A device for intraosseous delivery of solutions,comprising: a housing that receives a solution cartridge having apenetrable seal on one end thereof, the solution cartridge holding asolution therein; a gripping device having an openposition to receive aneedle and having a closed position to grip the needle, the needlehaving a hollow bore extending therethrough from a proximal end to adistal end thereof, the gripping device holding the needle with theproximal end of the needle in the solution and with the distal end ofthe needle exposed for engagement with a material to be drilled; arotating mechanism that rotates the gripping device to rotate theneedle; and a dispensing mechanism that applies pressure to the solutionwithin the solution cartridge to force the solution from the solutioncartridge through the hollow bore of the needle to eject the solutionfrom the distal end of the needle, wherein the gripping device comprisesa chucking mechanism that grips the needle in a region closer to theproximal end of the needle than to the distal end of the needle, andwherein the chucking mechanism comprises a radially expandable colletthat expands to receive the needle and that contracts to hold theneedle.
 15. The device as defined in claim 14, wherein the radiallyexpandable collet is responsive to a force to contract about the needle.16. The device as defined in claim 15, further comprising a biasingmember to bias the collet to a compressed position to contract about theneedle.
 17. The device as defined in claim 14, wherein the grippingdevice comprises a plurality of lever arms.
 18. The device as defined inclaim 14, wherein the solution cartridge has a first axis and whereinthe needle rotates about a second axis, the second axis being at anangle with respect to the first axis.
 19. The device as defined in claim14, wherein the gripping device is configured to receive a standard typeneedle.
 20. The device as defined in claim 19, wherein the standard typeneedle comprises a hub covering a first portion of the outer surface ofthe needle, and wherein the gripping device is configured to grip asecond portion of the outer surface of the needle not covered by thehub.
 21. The device as defined in claim 14, wherein the rotatingmechanism is configured to be coupled to an electric motor.
 22. Thedevice as defined in claim 14, wherein the rotating mechanism isconfigured to be coupled to an air supply.
 23. The device as defined inclaim 14, wherein the rotating mechanism is configured for cordlessoperation.
 24. The device as defined in claim 14, further comprising asleeve configured to extend over at least a portion of the needle whenthe needle is gripped by the gripping device.
 25. A device forintraosseous delivery of solutions, comprising: a housing that receivesa solution cartridge having a penetrable seal on one end thereof, thesolution cartridge holding a solution therein; a gripping device havingan open position to receive a needle and having a closed position togrip the needle, the needle having a hollow bore extending therethroughfrom a proximal end to a distal end thereof, the gripping device holdingthe needle with the proximal end of the needle in the solution and withthe distal end of the needle exposed for engagement with a material tobe drilled; a rotating mechanism that rotates the gripping device torotate the needle; and a dispensing mechanism that applies pressure tothe solution within the solution cartridge to force the solution fromthe solution cartridge through the hollow bore of the needle to ejectthe solution from the distal end of the needle, wherein the grippingdevice comprises a plurality of lever arms.
 26. The device as defined inclaim 25, wherein the gripping device is configured to receive astandard type needle.
 27. The device as defined in claim 26, wherein thestandard type needle comprises a hub covering a first portion of theouter surface of the needle, and wherein the gripping device isconfigured to grip a second portion of the outer surface of the needlenot covered by
 28. The device as defined in claim 25, wherein therotating mechanism is configured for cordless operation.
 29. The deviceas defined in claim 25, further comprising a sleeve configured to extendover at least a portion of the needle when the needle is gripped by thegripping device.
 30. A device for intraosseous delivery of solutions,comprising: a housing that receives a solution cartridge having apenetrable seal on one end thereof, the solution cartridge holding asolution therein; a gripping device having an open position to receive aneedle and having a closed position to grip the needle, the needlehaving a hollow bore extending therethrough from a proximal end to adistal end thereof, the gripping device holding the needle with theproximal end of the needle in the solution and with the distal end ofthe needle exposed for engagement with a material to be drilled; arotating mechanism that rotates the gripping device to rotate theneedle; and a dispensing mechanism that applies pressure to the solutionwithin the solution cartridge to force the solution from the solutioncartridge through the hollow bore of the needle to eject the solutionfrom the distal end of the needle, wherein the solution cartridge has afirst axis and wherein the needle rotates about a second axis, thesecond axis being at an angle with respect to the first axis.
 31. Thedevice as defined in claim 30, wherein the gripping device comprises acollet mechanism.
 32. The device as defined in claim 30, wherein thegripping device comprises a chucking mechanism that grips the needle ina region closer to the proximal end of the needle than to the distal endof the needle.
 33. The device as defined in claim 32, wherein thechucking mechanism comprises a radially expandable collet that expandsto receive the needle and that contracts to hold the needle.
 34. Thedevice as defined in claim 33, wherein the radially expandable collet isresponsive to a force to contract about the needle.
 35. The device asdefined in claim 33, further comprising a biasing member to bias thecollet to a compressed position to contract about the needle.
 36. Thedevice as defined in claim 30, wherein the gripping device comprises aplurality of lever arms.
 37. The device as defined in claim 30, whereinthe gripping device is configured to receive a standard type needle. 38.The device as defined in claim 37, wherein the standard type needlecomprises a hub covering a first portion of the outer surface of theneedle, and wherein the gripping device is configured to grip a secondportion of the outer surface of the needle not covered by the hub. 39.The device as defined in claim 30, wherein the rotating mechanism isconfigured for cordless operation.
 40. The device as defined in claim30, further comprising a sleeve configured to extend over at least aportion of the needle when the needle is gripped by the gripping device.41. A device for intraosseous delivery of solutions, comprising: ahousing that receives a solution cartridge having a penetrable seal onone end thereof, the solution cartridge holding a solution therein; agripping device having an open position to receive a rotatable tool andhaving a closed position to grip the tool, the tool having a hollow boreextending therethrough from a proximal end to a distal end thereof, thegripping device holding the tool with the proximal end of the tool inthe solution and with the distal end of the tool exposed for engagementwith a material; a rotating mechanism that rotates the gripping deviceto rotate the tool; and a dispensing mechanism that applies pressure tothe solution within the solution cartridge to force the solution fromthe solution cartridge through the hollow bore of the tool to eject thesolution from the distal end of the tool.
 42. The device as defined inclaim 41, wherein the tool comprises one of a needle, a file, a drillbit or a burr.
 43. A method for preparing a device for intraosseousdelivery of solutions, comprising: positioning a solution cartridge in ahousing, the solution cartridge having a penetrable seal on one endthereof, the solution cartridge holding a solution therein; opening agripping device to an open position to receive a needle, the needlehaving a hollow bore extending therethrough from a proximal end to adistal end thereof; inserting the proximal end of the needle through thegripping device to position the proximal end of the needle in thesolution; closing the gripping device to a closed position to grip theneedle, the gripping device holding the needle with the proximal end inthe solution and with the distal end of the needle exposed forengagement with a material to be drilled; and applying a rotationalforce to the gripping device to rotate the needle held by the grippingdevice.
 44. The method as defined in claim 43, wherein the grippingdevice comprises a collet mechanism.
 45. The method as defined in claim43, wherein the gripping device comprises a chucking mechanism thatgrips the needle in a region closer to the proximal end of the needlethan to the distal end of the needle.
 46. The method as defined in claim43, wherein the needle is a standard type needle having a hub covering afirst portion of the outer surface of the needle, and the method furthercomprises gripping a second portion of the outer surface of the needlenot covered by the hub.
 47. A method for preparing a device forintraosseous delivery of solutions, comprising: positioning a solutioncartridge in a housing, the solution cartridge having a penetrable sealon one end thereof, the solution cartridge holding a solution therein;opening a gripping device to an open position to receive a needle, theneedle having a hollow bore extending therethrough from a proximal endto a distal end thereof, wherein the gripping device comprises achucking mechanism that grips the needle in a region closer to theproximal end of the needle than to the distal end of the needle;inserting the proximal end of the needle through the gripping device toposition the proximal end of the needle in the solution; closing thegripping device to a closed position to grip the needle, the grippingdevice holding the needle with the proximal end in the solution and withthe distal end of the needle exposed for engagement with a material tobe drilled; applying a rotational force to the gripping device to rotatethe needle held by the gripping device; radially expanding a collet inthe chucking mechanism to receive the needle; and radially contractingthe collet to hold the needle.
 48. The method as defined in claim 47,further comprising applying a force to the collet to contract the colletabout the needle.
 49. The method as defined in claim 48, furthercomprising biasing the collet to a compressed position to contract thecollet about the needle.
 50. A method for preparing a device forintraosseous delivery of solutions, comprising: positioning a solutioncartridge in a housing, the solution cartridge having a penetrable sealon one end thereof, the solution cartridge holding a solution therein;opening a gripping device to an open position to receive a needle, theneedle having a hollow bore extending therethrough from a proximal endto a distal end thereof; inserting the proximal end of the needlethrough the gripping device to position the proximal end of the needlein the solution; closing the gripping device to a closed position togrip the needle, the gripping device holding the needle with theproximal end in the solution and with the distal end of the needleexposed for engagement with a material to be drilled; and applying arotational force to the gripping device to rotate the needle held by thegripping device; positioning the solution cartridge in the housing withthe solution cartridge oriented along a first axis; and rotating theneedle about a second axis, the second axis being at an angle withrespect to the first axis.
 51. The device as defined in claim 50,wherein the gripping device comprises a collet mechanism.
 52. The methodas defined in claim 50, wherein the gripping device comprises a colletmechanism.
 53. The method as defined in claim 50, wherein the grippingdevice comprises a chucking mechanism that grips the needle in a regioncloser to the proximal end of the needle than to the distal end of theneedle.
 54. The method as defined in claim 53, further comprising:radially expanding a collet in the chucking mechanism to receive theneedle; and radially contracting the collet to hold the needle.
 55. Themethod as defined in claim 54, further comprising applying a force tothe collet to contract the collet about the needle.
 56. The method asdefined in claim 55, further comprising biasing the collet to acompressed position to contract the collet about the needle.
 57. Themethod as defined in claim 50, wherein the needle is a standard typeneedle having a hub covering a first portion of the outer surface of theneedle, and the method further comprises gripping a second portion ofthe outer surface of the needle not covered by the hub.